mirror of
https://github.com/torvalds/linux.git
synced 2025-12-07 20:06:24 +00:00
ca37bfdfbc
This patch switches EC driver into ACPI_GPE_DISPATCH_RAW_HANDLER mode where
the GPE lock is not held for acpi_ec_gpe_handler() and the ACPICA internal
GPE enabling/disabling/clearing operations are bypassed so that further
improvements are possible with the GPE APIs.
There are 2 strong reasons for deploying raw GPE handler mode in the EC
driver:
1. Some hardware logics can control their interrupts via their own
registers, so their interrupts can be disabled/enabled/acknowledged
without using the super IRQ controller provided functions. While there
is no mean (EC commands) for the EC driver to achieve this.
2. During suspending, the EC driver is still working for a while to
complete the platform firmware provided functionailities using ec_poll()
after all GPEs are disabled (see acpi_ec_block_transactions()), which
means the EC driver will drive the EC GPE out of the GPE core's control.
Without deploying the raw GPE handler mode, we can see many races between
the EC driver and the GPE core due to the above restrictions:
1. There is a race condition due to ACPICA internal GPE
disabling/clearing/enabling logics in acpi_ev_gpe_dispatch():
Orignally EC GPE is disabled (EN=0), cleared (STS=0) before invoking a
GPE handler and re-enabled (EN=1) after invoking a GPE handler in
acpi_ev_gpe_dispatch(). When re-enabling appears, GPE may be flagged
(STS=1).
=================================================================
(event pending A)
=================================================================
acpi_ev_gpe_dispatch() ec_poll()
EN=0
STS=0
acpi_ec_gpe_handler()
*****************************************************************
(event handling A)
Lock(EC)
advance_transaction()
EC_SC read
=================================================================
(event pending B)
=================================================================
EC_SC handled
Unlock(EC)
*****************************************************************
*****************************************************************
(event handling B)
Lock(EC)
advance_transaction()
EC_SC read
=================================================================
(event pending C)
=================================================================
EC_SC handled
Unlock(EC)
*****************************************************************
EN=1
This race condition is the root cause of different issues on different
silicon variations.
A. Silicon variation A:
On some platforms, GPE will be triggered due to "writing 1 to EN when
STS=1". This is because both EN and STS lines are wired to the GPE
trigger line.
1. Issue 1:
We can see no-op acpi_ec_gpe_handler() invoked on such platforms.
This is because:
a. event pending B: An event can arrive after ACPICA's GPE
clearing performed in acpi_ev_gpe_dispatch(), this event may
fail to be detected by EC_SC read that is performed before its
arrival;
b. event handling B: The event can be handled in ec_poll() because
EC lock is released after acpi_ec_gpe_handler() invocation;
c. There is no code in ec_poll() to clear STS but the GPE can
still be triggered by the EN=1 write performed in
acpi_ev_finish_gpe(), this leads to a no-op EC GPE handler
invocation;
d. As no-op GPE handler invocations are counted by the EC driver
to trigger the command storming conditions, the wrong no-op
GPE handler invocations thus can easily trigger wrong command
storming conditions.
Note 1:
If we removed GPE disabling/enabling code from
acpi_ev_gpe_dispatch(), we could still see no-op GPE handlers
triggered by the event arriving after the GPE clearing and before
the GPE handling on both silicon variation A and B. This can only
occur if the CPU is very slow (timing slice between STS=0 write
and EC_SC read should be short enough before hardware sets another
GPE indication). Thus this is very rare and is not what we need to
fix.
B. Silicon variation B:
On other platforms, GPE may not be triggered due to "writing 1 to EN
when STS=1". This is because only STS line is wired to the GPE
trigger line.
2. Issue 2:
We can see GPE loss on such platforms. This is because:
a. event pending B vs. event handling A: An event can arrive after
ACPICA's GPE handling performed in acpi_ev_gpe_dispatch(), or
event pending C vs. event handling B: An event can arrive after
Linux's GPE handling performed in ec_poll(),
these events may fail to be detected by EC_SC read that is
performed before their arrival;
b. The GPE cannot be triggered by EN=1 write performed in
acpi_ev_finish_gpe();
c. If no polling mechanism is implemented in the driver for the
pending event (for example, SCI_EVT), this event is lost due to
no GPE being triggered.
Note 2:
On most platforms, there might be another rule that GPE may not be
triggered due to "writing 1 to STS when STS=1 and EN=1".
Then on silicon variation B, an even worse case is if the issue 2
event loss happens, further events may never trigger GPE again on
such platforms due to being blocked by the current STS=1. Unless
someone clears STS, all events have to be polled.
2. There is a race condition due to lacking in GPE status checking in EC
driver:
Originally, GPE status is checked in ACPICA core but not checked in
the GPE handler. Thus since the status checking and handling is not
locked, it can be interrupted by another handling path.
=================================================================
(event pending A)
=================================================================
acpi_ev_gpe_detect() ec_poll()
if (EN==1 && STS==1)
*****************************************************************
(event handling A)
Lock(EC)
advance_transaction()
EC_SC read
EC_SC handled
Unlock(EC)
*****************************************************************
acpi_ev_gpe_dispatch()
EN=0
STS=0
acpi_ec_gpe_handler()
*****************************************************************
(event handling B)
Lock(EC)
advance_transaction()
EC_SC read
Unlock(EC)
*****************************************************************
3. Issue 3:
We can see no-op acpi_ec_gpe_handler() invoked on both silicon
variation A and B. This is because:
a. event pending A: An event can arrive to trigger an EC GPE and
ACPICA checks it and is about to invoke the EC GPE handler;
b. event handling A: The event can be handled in ec_poll() because
EC lock is not held after the GPE status checking;
c. event handling B: Then when the EC GPE handler is invoked, it
becomes a no-op GPE handler invocation.
d. As no-op GPE handler invocations are counted by the EC driver
to trigger the command storming conditions, the wrong no-op
GPE handler invocations thus can easily trigger wrong command
storming conditions.
Note 3:
This no-op GPE handler invocation is rare because the time between
the IRQ arrival and the acpi_ec_gpe_handler() invocation is less than
the timeout value waited in ec_poll(). So most of the no-op GPE
handler invocations are caused by the reason described in issue 1.
3. There is a race condition due to ACPICA internal GPE clearing logic in
acpi_enable_gpe():
During runtime, acpi_enable_gpe() can be invoked by the EC storming
prevention code. When it is invoked, GPE may be flagged (STS=1).
=================================================================
(event pending A)
=================================================================
acpi_ev_gpe_dispatch() acpi_ec_transaction()
EN=0
STS=0
acpi_ec_gpe_handler()
*****************************************************************
(event handling A)
Lock(EC)
advance_transaction()
EC_SC read
EC_SC handled
Unlock(EC)
*****************************************************************
EN=1 ?
Lock(EC)
Unlock(EC)
=================================================================
(event pending B)
=================================================================
acpi_enable_gpe()
STS=0
EN=1
4. Issue 4:
We can see GPE loss on both silicon variation A and B platforms.
This is because:
a. event pending B: An event can arrive right before ACPICA's GPE
clearing performed in acpi_enable_gpe();
b. If the GPE is cleared when GPE is disabled, then EN=1 write in
acpi_enable_gpe() cannot trigger this GPE;
c. If no polling mechanism is implemented in the driver for this
event (for example, SCI_EVT), this event is lost due to no GPE
being triggered.
Note 4:
Currently we don't have this issue, but after we switch the EC
driver into ACPI_GPE_DISPATCH_RAW_HANDLER mode, we need to take care
of handling this because the EN=1 write in acpi_ev_gpe_dispatch()
will be abandoned.
There might be more race issues for the current GPE handler usages. This is
because the EC IRQ's enabling/disabling/checking/clearing/handling
operations should be locked by a single lock that is under the EC driver's
control to achieve the serialization. Which means we need to invoke GPE
APIs with EC driver's lock held and all ACPICA internal GPE operations
related to the GPE handler should be abandoned. Invoking GPE APIs inside of
the EC driver lock and bypassing ACPICA internal GPE operations requires
the ACPI_GPE_DISPATCH_RAW_HANDLER mode where the same lock used by the APIs
are released prior than invoking the handlers. Otherwise, we can see dead
locks due to circular locking dependencies (see Reference below).
This patch then switches the EC driver into the
ACPI_GPE_DISPATCH_RAW_HANDLER mode so that it can perform correct GPE
operations using the GPE APIs:
1. Bypasses EN modifications performed in acpi_ev_gpe_dispatch() by
using acpi_install_gpe_raw_handler() and invoking all GPE APIs with EC
spin lock held. This can fix issue 1 as it makes a non frequent GPE
enabling/disabling environment.
2. Bypasses STS clearing performed in acpi_enable_gpe() by replacing
acpi_enable_gpe()/acpi_disable_gpe() with acpi_set_gpe(). This can fix
issue 4. And this can also help to fix issue 1 as it makes a no sudden
GPE clearing environment when GPE is frequently enabled/disabled.
3. Ensures STS acknowledged before handling by invoking acpi_clear_gpe()
in advance_transaction(). This can finally fix issue 1 even in a
frequent GPE enabling/disabling environment. And this can also finally
fix issue 3 when issue 2 is fixed.
Note 3:
GPE clearing is edge triggered W1C, which means we can clear it right
before handling it. Since all EC GPE indications are handled in
advance_transaction() by previous commits, we can now move GPE clearing
into it to implement the correct GPE clearing.
Note 4:
We can use acpi_set_gpe() which is not shared GPE safer instead of
acpi_enable_gpe()/acpi_disable_gpe() because EC GPE is not shared by
other hardware, which is mentioned in the ACPI specification 5.0, 12.6
Interrupt Model: "OSPM driver treats this as an edge event (the EC SCI
cannot be shared)". So we can stop using shared GPE safer APIs
acpi_enable_gpe()/acpi_disable_gpe() in the EC driver. Otherwise
cleanups need to be made in acpi_ev_enable_gpe() to bypass the GPE
clearing logic before keeping acpi_enable_gpe().
This patch also invokes advance_transaction() when GPE is re-enabled in the
task context which:
1. Ensures EN=1 can trigger GPE by checking and handling EC status register
right after EN=1 writes. This can fix issue 2.
After applying this patch, without frequent GPE enablings considered:
=================================================================
(event pending A)
=================================================================
acpi_ec_gpe_handler() ec_poll()
*****************************************************************
(event handling A)
Lock(EC)
advance_transaction()
if STS==1
STS=0
EC_SC read
=================================================================
(event pending B)
=================================================================
EC_SC handled
Unlock(EC)
*****************************************************************
*****************************************************************
(event handling B)
Lock(EC)
advance_transaction()
if STS==1
STS=0
EC_SC read
=================================================================
(event pending C)
=================================================================
EC_SC handled
Unlock(EC)
*****************************************************************
The event pending for issue 1 (event pending B) can arrive as a next GPE
due to the previous IRQ context STS=0 write. And if it is handled by
ec_poll() (event handling B), as it is also acknowledged by ec_poll(), the
event pending for issue 2 (event pending C) can properly arrive as a next
GPE after the task context STS=0 write. So no GPE will be lost and never
triggered due to GPE clearing performed in the wrong position. And since
all GPE handling is performed after a locked GPE status checking, we can
hardly see no-op GPE handler invocations due to issue 1 and 3. We may still
see no-op GPE handler invocations due to "Note 1", but as it is inevitable,
it needn't be fixed.
After applying this patch, with frequent GPE enablings considered:
=================================================================
(event pending A)
=================================================================
acpi_ec_gpe_handler() acpi_ec_transaction()
*****************************************************************
(event handling A)
Lock(EC)
advance_transaction()
if STS==1
STS=0
EC_SC read
=================================================================
(event pending B)
=================================================================
EC_SC handled
Unlock(EC)
*****************************************************************
*****************************************************************
(event handling B)
Lock(EC)
EN=1
if STS==1
advance_transaction()
if STS==1
STS=0
EC_SC read
=================================================================
(event pending C)
=================================================================
EC_SC handled
Unlock(EC)
*****************************************************************
The event pending for issue 2 can be manually handled by
advance_transaction(). And after the STS=0 write performed in the manual
triggered advance_transaction(), GPE can always arrive. So no GPE will be
lost due to frequent GPE disabling/enabling performed in the driver like
issue 4.
Note 5:
It's ideally when EN=1 write occurred, an IRQ thread should be woken up to
handle the GPE when the GPE was raised. But this requires the IRQ thread to
contain the poller code for all EC GPE indications, while currently some of
the indications are handled in the user tasks. It then is very hard for the
code to determine whether a user task should be invoked or the poller work
item should be scheduled. So we have to invoke advance_transaction()
directly now and it leaves us such a restriction for the GPE re-enabling:
it must be performed in the task context to avoid starving the GPEs.
As a conclusion: we can see the EC GPE is always handled in serial after
deploying the raw GPE handler mode:
Lock(EC)
if (STS==1)
STS=0
EC_SC read
EC_SC handled
Unlock(EC)
The EC driver specific lock is responsible to make the EC GPE handling
processes serialized so that EC can handle its GPE from both IRQ and task
contexts and the next IRQ can be ensured to arrive after this process.
Note 6:
We have many EC_FLAGS_MSI qurik users in the current driver. They all seem
to be suffering from unexpected GPE triggering source lost. And they are
false root caused to a timing issue. Since EC communication protocol has
already flow control defined, timing shouldn't be the root cause, while
this fix might be fixing the root cause of the old bugs.
Link: https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/11/4/974
Link: https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/11/18/316
Link: https://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-acpi/msg54340.html
Signed-off-by: Lv Zheng <lv.zheng@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Linux kernel release 3.x <http://kernel.org/>
These are the release notes for Linux version 3. Read them carefully,
as they tell you what this is all about, explain how to install the
kernel, and what to do if something goes wrong.
WHAT IS LINUX?
Linux is a clone of the operating system Unix, written from scratch by
Linus Torvalds with assistance from a loosely-knit team of hackers across
the Net. It aims towards POSIX and Single UNIX Specification compliance.
It has all the features you would expect in a modern fully-fledged Unix,
including true multitasking, virtual memory, shared libraries, demand
loading, shared copy-on-write executables, proper memory management,
and multistack networking including IPv4 and IPv6.
It is distributed under the GNU General Public License - see the
accompanying COPYING file for more details.
ON WHAT HARDWARE DOES IT RUN?
Although originally developed first for 32-bit x86-based PCs (386 or higher),
today Linux also runs on (at least) the Compaq Alpha AXP, Sun SPARC and
UltraSPARC, Motorola 68000, PowerPC, PowerPC64, ARM, Hitachi SuperH, Cell,
IBM S/390, MIPS, HP PA-RISC, Intel IA-64, DEC VAX, AMD x86-64, AXIS CRIS,
Xtensa, Tilera TILE, AVR32 and Renesas M32R architectures.
Linux is easily portable to most general-purpose 32- or 64-bit architectures
as long as they have a paged memory management unit (PMMU) and a port of the
GNU C compiler (gcc) (part of The GNU Compiler Collection, GCC). Linux has
also been ported to a number of architectures without a PMMU, although
functionality is then obviously somewhat limited.
Linux has also been ported to itself. You can now run the kernel as a
userspace application - this is called UserMode Linux (UML).
DOCUMENTATION:
- There is a lot of documentation available both in electronic form on
the Internet and in books, both Linux-specific and pertaining to
general UNIX questions. I'd recommend looking into the documentation
subdirectories on any Linux FTP site for the LDP (Linux Documentation
Project) books. This README is not meant to be documentation on the
system: there are much better sources available.
- There are various README files in the Documentation/ subdirectory:
these typically contain kernel-specific installation notes for some
drivers for example. See Documentation/00-INDEX for a list of what
is contained in each file. Please read the Changes file, as it
contains information about the problems, which may result by upgrading
your kernel.
- The Documentation/DocBook/ subdirectory contains several guides for
kernel developers and users. These guides can be rendered in a
number of formats: PostScript (.ps), PDF, HTML, & man-pages, among others.
After installation, "make psdocs", "make pdfdocs", "make htmldocs",
or "make mandocs" will render the documentation in the requested format.
INSTALLING the kernel source:
- If you install the full sources, put the kernel tarball in a
directory where you have permissions (eg. your home directory) and
unpack it:
gzip -cd linux-3.X.tar.gz | tar xvf -
or
bzip2 -dc linux-3.X.tar.bz2 | tar xvf -
Replace "X" with the version number of the latest kernel.
Do NOT use the /usr/src/linux area! This area has a (usually
incomplete) set of kernel headers that are used by the library header
files. They should match the library, and not get messed up by
whatever the kernel-du-jour happens to be.
- You can also upgrade between 3.x releases by patching. Patches are
distributed in the traditional gzip and the newer bzip2 format. To
install by patching, get all the newer patch files, enter the
top level directory of the kernel source (linux-3.X) and execute:
gzip -cd ../patch-3.x.gz | patch -p1
or
bzip2 -dc ../patch-3.x.bz2 | patch -p1
Replace "x" for all versions bigger than the version "X" of your current
source tree, _in_order_, and you should be ok. You may want to remove
the backup files (some-file-name~ or some-file-name.orig), and make sure
that there are no failed patches (some-file-name# or some-file-name.rej).
If there are, either you or I have made a mistake.
Unlike patches for the 3.x kernels, patches for the 3.x.y kernels
(also known as the -stable kernels) are not incremental but instead apply
directly to the base 3.x kernel. For example, if your base kernel is 3.0
and you want to apply the 3.0.3 patch, you must not first apply the 3.0.1
and 3.0.2 patches. Similarly, if you are running kernel version 3.0.2 and
want to jump to 3.0.3, you must first reverse the 3.0.2 patch (that is,
patch -R) _before_ applying the 3.0.3 patch. You can read more on this in
Documentation/applying-patches.txt
Alternatively, the script patch-kernel can be used to automate this
process. It determines the current kernel version and applies any
patches found.
linux/scripts/patch-kernel linux
The first argument in the command above is the location of the
kernel source. Patches are applied from the current directory, but
an alternative directory can be specified as the second argument.
- Make sure you have no stale .o files and dependencies lying around:
cd linux
make mrproper
You should now have the sources correctly installed.
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
Compiling and running the 3.x kernels requires up-to-date
versions of various software packages. Consult
Documentation/Changes for the minimum version numbers required
and how to get updates for these packages. Beware that using
excessively old versions of these packages can cause indirect
errors that are very difficult to track down, so don't assume that
you can just update packages when obvious problems arise during
build or operation.
BUILD directory for the kernel:
When compiling the kernel, all output files will per default be
stored together with the kernel source code.
Using the option "make O=output/dir" allow you to specify an alternate
place for the output files (including .config).
Example:
kernel source code: /usr/src/linux-3.X
build directory: /home/name/build/kernel
To configure and build the kernel, use:
cd /usr/src/linux-3.X
make O=/home/name/build/kernel menuconfig
make O=/home/name/build/kernel
sudo make O=/home/name/build/kernel modules_install install
Please note: If the 'O=output/dir' option is used, then it must be
used for all invocations of make.
CONFIGURING the kernel:
Do not skip this step even if you are only upgrading one minor
version. New configuration options are added in each release, and
odd problems will turn up if the configuration files are not set up
as expected. If you want to carry your existing configuration to a
new version with minimal work, use "make oldconfig", which will
only ask you for the answers to new questions.
- Alternative configuration commands are:
"make config" Plain text interface.
"make menuconfig" Text based color menus, radiolists & dialogs.
"make nconfig" Enhanced text based color menus.
"make xconfig" X windows (Qt) based configuration tool.
"make gconfig" X windows (Gtk) based configuration tool.
"make oldconfig" Default all questions based on the contents of
your existing ./.config file and asking about
new config symbols.
"make silentoldconfig"
Like above, but avoids cluttering the screen
with questions already answered.
Additionally updates the dependencies.
"make olddefconfig"
Like above, but sets new symbols to their default
values without prompting.
"make defconfig" Create a ./.config file by using the default
symbol values from either arch/$ARCH/defconfig
or arch/$ARCH/configs/${PLATFORM}_defconfig,
depending on the architecture.
"make ${PLATFORM}_defconfig"
Create a ./.config file by using the default
symbol values from
arch/$ARCH/configs/${PLATFORM}_defconfig.
Use "make help" to get a list of all available
platforms of your architecture.
"make allyesconfig"
Create a ./.config file by setting symbol
values to 'y' as much as possible.
"make allmodconfig"
Create a ./.config file by setting symbol
values to 'm' as much as possible.
"make allnoconfig" Create a ./.config file by setting symbol
values to 'n' as much as possible.
"make randconfig" Create a ./.config file by setting symbol
values to random values.
"make localmodconfig" Create a config based on current config and
loaded modules (lsmod). Disables any module
option that is not needed for the loaded modules.
To create a localmodconfig for another machine,
store the lsmod of that machine into a file
and pass it in as a LSMOD parameter.
target$ lsmod > /tmp/mylsmod
target$ scp /tmp/mylsmod host:/tmp
host$ make LSMOD=/tmp/mylsmod localmodconfig
The above also works when cross compiling.
"make localyesconfig" Similar to localmodconfig, except it will convert
all module options to built in (=y) options.
You can find more information on using the Linux kernel config tools
in Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.txt.
- NOTES on "make config":
- Having unnecessary drivers will make the kernel bigger, and can
under some circumstances lead to problems: probing for a
nonexistent controller card may confuse your other controllers
- Compiling the kernel with "Processor type" set higher than 386
will result in a kernel that does NOT work on a 386. The
kernel will detect this on bootup, and give up.
- A kernel with math-emulation compiled in will still use the
coprocessor if one is present: the math emulation will just
never get used in that case. The kernel will be slightly larger,
but will work on different machines regardless of whether they
have a math coprocessor or not.
- The "kernel hacking" configuration details usually result in a
bigger or slower kernel (or both), and can even make the kernel
less stable by configuring some routines to actively try to
break bad code to find kernel problems (kmalloc()). Thus you
should probably answer 'n' to the questions for "development",
"experimental", or "debugging" features.
COMPILING the kernel:
- Make sure you have at least gcc 3.2 available.
For more information, refer to Documentation/Changes.
Please note that you can still run a.out user programs with this kernel.
- Do a "make" to create a compressed kernel image. It is also
possible to do "make install" if you have lilo installed to suit the
kernel makefiles, but you may want to check your particular lilo setup first.
To do the actual install, you have to be root, but none of the normal
build should require that. Don't take the name of root in vain.
- If you configured any of the parts of the kernel as `modules', you
will also have to do "make modules_install".
- Verbose kernel compile/build output:
Normally, the kernel build system runs in a fairly quiet mode (but not
totally silent). However, sometimes you or other kernel developers need
to see compile, link, or other commands exactly as they are executed.
For this, use "verbose" build mode. This is done by inserting
"V=1" in the "make" command. E.g.:
make V=1 all
To have the build system also tell the reason for the rebuild of each
target, use "V=2". The default is "V=0".
- Keep a backup kernel handy in case something goes wrong. This is
especially true for the development releases, since each new release
contains new code which has not been debugged. Make sure you keep a
backup of the modules corresponding to that kernel, as well. If you
are installing a new kernel with the same version number as your
working kernel, make a backup of your modules directory before you
do a "make modules_install".
Alternatively, before compiling, use the kernel config option
"LOCALVERSION" to append a unique suffix to the regular kernel version.
LOCALVERSION can be set in the "General Setup" menu.
- In order to boot your new kernel, you'll need to copy the kernel
image (e.g. .../linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage after compilation)
to the place where your regular bootable kernel is found.
- Booting a kernel directly from a floppy without the assistance of a
bootloader such as LILO, is no longer supported.
If you boot Linux from the hard drive, chances are you use LILO, which
uses the kernel image as specified in the file /etc/lilo.conf. The
kernel image file is usually /vmlinuz, /boot/vmlinuz, /bzImage or
/boot/bzImage. To use the new kernel, save a copy of the old image
and copy the new image over the old one. Then, you MUST RERUN LILO
to update the loading map!! If you don't, you won't be able to boot
the new kernel image.
Reinstalling LILO is usually a matter of running /sbin/lilo.
You may wish to edit /etc/lilo.conf to specify an entry for your
old kernel image (say, /vmlinux.old) in case the new one does not
work. See the LILO docs for more information.
After reinstalling LILO, you should be all set. Shutdown the system,
reboot, and enjoy!
If you ever need to change the default root device, video mode,
ramdisk size, etc. in the kernel image, use the 'rdev' program (or
alternatively the LILO boot options when appropriate). No need to
recompile the kernel to change these parameters.
- Reboot with the new kernel and enjoy.
IF SOMETHING GOES WRONG:
- If you have problems that seem to be due to kernel bugs, please check
the file MAINTAINERS to see if there is a particular person associated
with the part of the kernel that you are having trouble with. If there
isn't anyone listed there, then the second best thing is to mail
them to me (torvalds@linux-foundation.org), and possibly to any other
relevant mailing-list or to the newsgroup.
- In all bug-reports, *please* tell what kernel you are talking about,
how to duplicate the problem, and what your setup is (use your common
sense). If the problem is new, tell me so, and if the problem is
old, please try to tell me when you first noticed it.
- If the bug results in a message like
unable to handle kernel paging request at address C0000010
Oops: 0002
EIP: 0010:XXXXXXXX
eax: xxxxxxxx ebx: xxxxxxxx ecx: xxxxxxxx edx: xxxxxxxx
esi: xxxxxxxx edi: xxxxxxxx ebp: xxxxxxxx
ds: xxxx es: xxxx fs: xxxx gs: xxxx
Pid: xx, process nr: xx
xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx
or similar kernel debugging information on your screen or in your
system log, please duplicate it *exactly*. The dump may look
incomprehensible to you, but it does contain information that may
help debugging the problem. The text above the dump is also
important: it tells something about why the kernel dumped code (in
the above example, it's due to a bad kernel pointer). More information
on making sense of the dump is in Documentation/oops-tracing.txt
- If you compiled the kernel with CONFIG_KALLSYMS you can send the dump
as is, otherwise you will have to use the "ksymoops" program to make
sense of the dump (but compiling with CONFIG_KALLSYMS is usually preferred).
This utility can be downloaded from
ftp://ftp.<country>.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/ .
Alternatively, you can do the dump lookup by hand:
- In debugging dumps like the above, it helps enormously if you can
look up what the EIP value means. The hex value as such doesn't help
me or anybody else very much: it will depend on your particular
kernel setup. What you should do is take the hex value from the EIP
line (ignore the "0010:"), and look it up in the kernel namelist to
see which kernel function contains the offending address.
To find out the kernel function name, you'll need to find the system
binary associated with the kernel that exhibited the symptom. This is
the file 'linux/vmlinux'. To extract the namelist and match it against
the EIP from the kernel crash, do:
nm vmlinux | sort | less
This will give you a list of kernel addresses sorted in ascending
order, from which it is simple to find the function that contains the
offending address. Note that the address given by the kernel
debugging messages will not necessarily match exactly with the
function addresses (in fact, that is very unlikely), so you can't
just 'grep' the list: the list will, however, give you the starting
point of each kernel function, so by looking for the function that
has a starting address lower than the one you are searching for but
is followed by a function with a higher address you will find the one
you want. In fact, it may be a good idea to include a bit of
"context" in your problem report, giving a few lines around the
interesting one.
If you for some reason cannot do the above (you have a pre-compiled
kernel image or similar), telling me as much about your setup as
possible will help. Please read the REPORTING-BUGS document for details.
- Alternatively, you can use gdb on a running kernel. (read-only; i.e. you
cannot change values or set break points.) To do this, first compile the
kernel with -g; edit arch/i386/Makefile appropriately, then do a "make
clean". You'll also need to enable CONFIG_PROC_FS (via "make config").
After you've rebooted with the new kernel, do "gdb vmlinux /proc/kcore".
You can now use all the usual gdb commands. The command to look up the
point where your system crashed is "l *0xXXXXXXXX". (Replace the XXXes
with the EIP value.)
gdb'ing a non-running kernel currently fails because gdb (wrongly)
disregards the starting offset for which the kernel is compiled.