Linux 2.6.20-rc2

This also adds he required page "writeback" flag handling, that cifs
hasn't been doing and that the page dirty flag changes made obvious.

Acked-by: Steve French <smfltc@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Dave Kleikamp <shaggy@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

.gitignore

@@ -42,3 +42,6 @@ patches-*
 # quilt's files
 patches
 series
+
+# cscope files
+cscope.*

CREDITS

@@ -1808,6 +1808,14 @@ S: Kruislaan 419
 S: 1098 VA Amsterdam 
 S: The Netherlands
 
+N: Jiri Kosina
+E: jikos@jikos.cz
+E: jkosina@suse.cz
+D: Generic HID layer - original code split, fixes
+D: Various ACPI fixes, keeping correct battery state through suspend
+D: various lockdep annotations, autofs and other random bugfixes
+S: Prague, Czech Republic
+
 N: Gene Kozin
 E: 74604.152@compuserve.com
 W: http://www.sangoma.com
@@ -2598,6 +2606,9 @@ S: Ucitelska 1576
 S: Prague 8
 S: 182 00 Czech Republic
 
+N: Rick Payne
+D: RFC2385 Support for TCP
+
 N: Barak A. Pearlmutter
 E: bap@cs.unm.edu
 W: http://www.cs.unm.edu/~bap/

Documentation/00-INDEX

@@ -104,8 +104,6 @@ firmware_class/
 	- request_firmware() hotplug interface info.
 floppy.txt
 	- notes and driver options for the floppy disk driver.
-ftape.txt
-	- notes about the floppy tape device driver.
 hayes-esp.txt
 	- info on using the Hayes ESP serial driver.
 highuid.txt

Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-pktcdvd

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+What:           /debug/pktcdvd/pktcdvd[0-7]
+Date:           Oct. 2006
+KernelVersion:  2.6.19
+Contact:        Thomas Maier <balagi@justmail.de>
+Description:
+
+debugfs interface
+-----------------
+
+The pktcdvd module (packet writing driver) creates
+these files in debugfs:
+
+/debug/pktcdvd/pktcdvd[0-7]/
+    info            (0444) Lots of human readable driver
+                           statistics and infos. Multiple lines!
+
+Example:
+-------
+
+cat /debug/pktcdvd/pktcdvd0/info

Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-pktcdvd

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+What:           /sys/class/pktcdvd/
+Date:           Oct. 2006
+KernelVersion:  2.6.19
+Contact:        Thomas Maier <balagi@justmail.de>
+Description:
+
+sysfs interface
+---------------
+
+The pktcdvd module (packet writing driver) creates
+these files in the sysfs:
+(<devid> is in format  major:minor )
+
+/sys/class/pktcdvd/
+    add            (0200)  Write a block device id (major:minor)
+                           to create a new pktcdvd device and map
+                           it to the block device.
+
+    remove         (0200)  Write the pktcdvd device id (major:minor)
+                           to it to remove the pktcdvd device.
+
+    device_map     (0444)  Shows the device mapping in format:
+                             pktcdvd[0-7] <pktdevid> <blkdevid>
+
+/sys/class/pktcdvd/pktcdvd[0-7]/
+    dev                   (0444) Device id
+    uevent                (0200) To send an uevent.
+
+/sys/class/pktcdvd/pktcdvd[0-7]/stat/
+    packets_started       (0444) Number of started packets.
+    packets_finished      (0444) Number of finished packets.
+
+    kb_written            (0444) kBytes written.
+    kb_read               (0444) kBytes read.
+    kb_read_gather        (0444) kBytes read to fill write packets.
+
+    reset                 (0200) Write any value to it to reset
+                                 pktcdvd device statistic values, like
+                                 bytes read/written.
+
+/sys/class/pktcdvd/pktcdvd[0-7]/write_queue/
+    size                  (0444) Contains the size of the bio write
+                                 queue.
+
+    congestion_off        (0644) If bio write queue size is below
+                                 this mark, accept new bio requests
+                                 from the block layer.
+
+    congestion_on         (0644) If bio write queue size is higher
+                                 as this mark, do no longer accept
+                                 bio write requests from the block
+                                 layer and wait till the pktcdvd
+                                 device has processed enough bio's
+                                 so that bio write queue size is
+                                 below congestion off mark.
+                                 A value of <= 0 disables congestion
+                                 control.
+
+
+Example:
+--------
+To use the pktcdvd sysfs interface directly, you can do:
+
+# create a new pktcdvd device mapped to /dev/hdc
+echo "22:0" >/sys/class/pktcdvd/add
+cat /sys/class/pktcdvd/device_map
+# assuming device pktcdvd0 was created, look at stat's
+cat /sys/class/pktcdvd/pktcdvd0/stat/kb_written
+# print the device id of the mapped block device
+fgrep pktcdvd0 /sys/class/pktcdvd/device_map
+# remove device, using pktcdvd0 device id   253:0
+echo "253:0" >/sys/class/pktcdvd/remove

Documentation/Changes

@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ udev
 ----
 udev is a userspace application for populating /dev dynamically with
 only entries for devices actually present.  udev replaces the basic
-functionality of devfs, while allowing persistant device naming for
+functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
 devices.
 
 FUSE

Documentation/CodingStyle

@@ -35,12 +35,37 @@ In short, 8-char indents make things easier to read, and have the added
 benefit of warning you when you're nesting your functions too deep.
 Heed that warning.
 
+The preferred way to ease multiple indentation levels in a switch statement is
+to align the "switch" and its subordinate "case" labels in the same column
+instead of "double-indenting" the "case" labels.  E.g.:
+
+	switch (suffix) {
+	case 'G':
+	case 'g':
+		mem <<= 30;
+		break;
+	case 'M':
+	case 'm':
+		mem <<= 20;
+		break;
+	case 'K':
+	case 'k':
+		mem <<= 10;
+		/* fall through */
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
+
+
 Don't put multiple statements on a single line unless you have
 something to hide:
 
 	if (condition) do_this;
 	  do_something_everytime;
 
+Don't put multiple assignments on a single line either.  Kernel coding style
+is super simple.  Avoid tricky expressions.
+
 Outside of comments, documentation and except in Kconfig, spaces are never
 used for indentation, and the above example is deliberately broken.
 
@@ -69,7 +94,7 @@ void fun(int a, int b, int c)
 		next_statement;
 }
 
-		Chapter 3: Placing Braces
+		Chapter 3: Placing Braces and Spaces
 
 The other issue that always comes up in C styling is the placement of
 braces.  Unlike the indent size, there are few technical reasons to
@@ -81,6 +106,20 @@ brace last on the line, and put the closing brace first, thusly:
 		we do y
 	}
 
+This applies to all non-function statement blocks (if, switch, for,
+while, do).  E.g.:
+
+	switch (action) {
+	case KOBJ_ADD:
+		return "add";
+	case KOBJ_REMOVE:
+		return "remove";
+	case KOBJ_CHANGE:
+		return "change";
+	default:
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
 However, there is one special case, namely functions: they have the
 opening brace at the beginning of the next line, thus:
 
@@ -121,6 +160,49 @@ supply of new-lines on your screen is not a renewable resource (think
 25-line terminal screens here), you have more empty lines to put
 comments on.
 
+		3.1:  Spaces
+
+Linux kernel style for use of spaces depends (mostly) on
+function-versus-keyword usage.  Use a space after (most) keywords.  The
+notable exceptions are sizeof, typeof, alignof, and __attribute__, which look
+somewhat like functions (and are usually used with parentheses in Linux,
+although they are not required in the language, as in: "sizeof info" after
+"struct fileinfo info;" is declared).
+
+So use a space after these keywords:
+	if, switch, case, for, do, while
+but not with sizeof, typeof, alignof, or __attribute__.  E.g.,
+	s = sizeof(struct file);
+
+Do not add spaces around (inside) parenthesized expressions.  This example is
+*bad*:
+
+	s = sizeof( struct file );
+
+When declaring pointer data or a function that returns a pointer type, the
+preferred use of '*' is adjacent to the data name or function name and not
+adjacent to the type name.  Examples:
+
+	char *linux_banner;
+	unsigned long long memparse(char *ptr, char **retptr);
+	char *match_strdup(substring_t *s);
+
+Use one space around (on each side of) most binary and ternary operators,
+such as any of these:
+
+	=  +  -  <  >  *  /  %  |  &  ^  <=  >=  ==  !=  ?  :
+
+but no space after unary operators:
+	&  *  +  -  ~  !  sizeof  typeof  alignof  __attribute__  defined
+
+no space before the postfix increment & decrement unary operators:
+	++  --
+
+no space after the prefix increment & decrement unary operators:
+	++  --
+
+and no space around the '.' and "->" structure member operators.
+
 
 		Chapter 4: Naming
 
@@ -152,7 +234,7 @@ variable that is used to hold a temporary value.
 
 If you are afraid to mix up your local variable names, you have another
 problem, which is called the function-growth-hormone-imbalance syndrome.
-See next chapter.
+See chapter 6 (Functions).
 
 
 		Chapter 5: Typedefs
@@ -258,6 +340,20 @@ generally easily keep track of about 7 different things, anything more
 and it gets confused.  You know you're brilliant, but maybe you'd like
 to understand what you did 2 weeks from now.
 
+In source files, separate functions with one blank line.  If the function is
+exported, the EXPORT* macro for it should follow immediately after the closing
+function brace line.  E.g.:
+
+int system_is_up(void)
+{
+	return system_state == SYSTEM_RUNNING;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(system_is_up);
+
+In function prototypes, include parameter names with their data types.
+Although this is not required by the C language, it is preferred in Linux
+because it is a simple way to add valuable information for the reader.
+
 
 		Chapter 7: Centralized exiting of functions
 
@@ -306,16 +402,36 @@ time to explain badly written code.
 Generally, you want your comments to tell WHAT your code does, not HOW.
 Also, try to avoid putting comments inside a function body: if the
 function is so complex that you need to separately comment parts of it,
-you should probably go back to chapter 5 for a while.  You can make
+you should probably go back to chapter 6 for a while.  You can make
 small comments to note or warn about something particularly clever (or
 ugly), but try to avoid excess.  Instead, put the comments at the head
 of the function, telling people what it does, and possibly WHY it does
 it.
 
-When commenting the kernel API functions, please use the kerneldoc format.
+When commenting the kernel API functions, please use the kernel-doc format.
 See the files Documentation/kernel-doc-nano-HOWTO.txt and scripts/kernel-doc
 for details.
 
+Linux style for comments is the C89 "/* ... */" style.
+Don't use C99-style "// ..." comments.
+
+The preferred style for long (multi-line) comments is:
+
+	/*
+	 * This is the preferred style for multi-line
+	 * comments in the Linux kernel source code.
+	 * Please use it consistently.
+	 *
+	 * Description:  A column of asterisks on the left side,
+	 * with beginning and ending almost-blank lines.
+	 */
+
+It's also important to comment data, whether they are basic types or derived
+types.  To this end, use just one data declaration per line (no commas for
+multiple data declarations).  This leaves you room for a small comment on each
+item, explaining its use.
+
+
 		Chapter 9: You've made a mess of it
 
 That's OK, we all do.  You've probably been told by your long-time Unix
@@ -566,6 +682,24 @@ result.  Typical examples would be functions that return pointers; they use
 NULL or the ERR_PTR mechanism to report failure.
 
 
+		Chapter 17:  Don't re-invent the kernel macros
+
+The header file include/linux/kernel.h contains a number of macros that
+you should use, rather than explicitly coding some variant of them yourself.
+For example, if you need to calculate the length of an array, take advantage
+of the macro
+
+  #define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof((x)[0]))
+
+Similarly, if you need to calculate the size of some structure member, use
+
+  #define FIELD_SIZEOF(t, f) (sizeof(((t*)0)->f))
+
+There are also min() and max() macros that do strict type checking if you
+need them.  Feel free to peruse that header file to see what else is already
+defined that you shouldn't reproduce in your code.
+
+
 
 		Appendix I: References
 
@@ -591,4 +725,4 @@ Kernel CodingStyle, by greg@kroah.com at OLS 2002:
 http://www.kroah.com/linux/talks/ols_2002_kernel_codingstyle_talk/html/
 
 --
-Last updated on 30 April 2006.
+Last updated on 2006-December-06.

Documentation/DMA-API.txt

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ To get this part of the dma_ API, you must #include <linux/dmapool.h>
 Many drivers need lots of small dma-coherent memory regions for DMA
 descriptors or I/O buffers.  Rather than allocating in units of a page
 or more using dma_alloc_coherent(), you can use DMA pools.  These work
-much like a kmem_cache_t, except that they use the dma-coherent allocator
+much like a struct kmem_cache, except that they use the dma-coherent allocator
 not __get_free_pages().  Also, they understand common hardware constraints
 for alignment, like queue heads needing to be aligned on N byte boundaries.
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ The pool create() routines initialize a pool of dma-coherent buffers
 for use with a given device.  It must be called in a context which
 can sleep.
 
-The "name" is for diagnostics (like a kmem_cache_t name); dev and size
+The "name" is for diagnostics (like a struct kmem_cache name); dev and size
 are like what you'd pass to dma_alloc_coherent().  The device's hardware
 alignment requirement for this type of data is "align" (which is expressed
 in bytes, and must be a power of two).  If your device has no boundary
@@ -431,10 +431,10 @@ be identical to those passed in (and returned by
 dma_alloc_noncoherent()).
 
 int
-dma_is_consistent(dma_addr_t dma_handle)
+dma_is_consistent(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_handle)
 
-returns true if the memory pointed to by the dma_handle is actually
-consistent.
+returns true if the device dev is performing consistent DMA on the memory
+area pointed to by the dma_handle.
 
 int
 dma_get_cache_alignment(void)
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ anything like this.  You must also be extra careful about accessing
 memory you intend to sync partially.
 
 void
-dma_cache_sync(void *vaddr, size_t size,
+dma_cache_sync(struct device *dev, void *vaddr, size_t size,
 	       enum dma_data_direction direction)
 
 Do a partial sync of memory that was allocated by
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ size is the size of the area (must be multiples of PAGE_SIZE).
 flags can be or'd together and are
 
 DMA_MEMORY_MAP - request that the memory returned from
-dma_alloc_coherent() be directly writeable.
+dma_alloc_coherent() be directly writable.
 
 DMA_MEMORY_IO - request that the memory returned from
 dma_alloc_coherent() be addressable using read/write/memcpy_toio etc.

Documentation/DMA-ISA-LPC.txt

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ lock.
 
 Once the DMA transfer is finished (or timed out) you should disable
 the channel again. You should also check get_dma_residue() to make
-sure that all data has been transfered.
+sure that all data has been transferred.
 
 Example:
 

Documentation/DocBook/Makefile

@@ -190,9 +190,13 @@ quiet_cmd_fig2png = FIG2PNG $@
 ###
 # Help targets as used by the top-level makefile
 dochelp:
-	@echo  '  Linux kernel internal documentation in different formats:'
-	@echo  '  xmldocs (XML DocBook), psdocs (Postscript), pdfdocs (PDF)'
-	@echo  '  htmldocs (HTML), mandocs (man pages, use installmandocs to install)'
+	@echo  ' Linux kernel internal documentation in different formats:'
+	@echo  '  htmldocs        - HTML'
+	@echo  '  installmandocs  - install man pages generated by mandocs'
+	@echo  '  mandocs         - man pages'
+	@echo  '  pdfdocs         - PDF'
+	@echo  '  psdocs          - Postscript'
+	@echo  '  xmldocs         - XML DocBook'
 
 ###
 # Temporary files left by various tools

Documentation/DocBook/genericirq.tmpl

@@ -303,10 +303,10 @@ desc->status |= running;
 do {
 	if (desc->status & masked)
 		desc->chip->enable();
-	desc-status &= ~pending;
+	desc->status &= ~pending;
 	handle_IRQ_event(desc->action);
 } while (status & pending);
-desc-status &= ~running;
+desc->status &= ~running;
 desc->chip->end();
 		</programlisting>
 		</para>

Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl

@@ -418,9 +418,35 @@ X!Edrivers/pnp/system.c
 !Idrivers/parport/daisy.c
   </chapter>
 
-  <chapter id="viddev">
-     <title>Video4Linux</title>
-!Edrivers/media/video/videodev.c
+  <chapter id="message_devices">
+	<title>Message-based devices</title>
+     <sect1><title>Fusion message devices</title>
+!Edrivers/message/fusion/mptbase.c
+!Idrivers/message/fusion/mptbase.c
+!Edrivers/message/fusion/mptscsih.c
+!Idrivers/message/fusion/mptscsih.c
+!Idrivers/message/fusion/mptctl.c
+!Idrivers/message/fusion/mptspi.c
+!Idrivers/message/fusion/mptfc.c
+!Idrivers/message/fusion/mptlan.c
+     </sect1>
+     <sect1><title>I2O message devices</title>
+!Iinclude/linux/i2o.h
+!Idrivers/message/i2o/core.h
+!Edrivers/message/i2o/iop.c
+!Idrivers/message/i2o/iop.c
+!Idrivers/message/i2o/config-osm.c
+!Edrivers/message/i2o/exec-osm.c
+!Idrivers/message/i2o/exec-osm.c
+!Idrivers/message/i2o/bus-osm.c
+!Edrivers/message/i2o/device.c
+!Idrivers/message/i2o/device.c
+!Idrivers/message/i2o/driver.c
+!Idrivers/message/i2o/pci.c
+!Idrivers/message/i2o/i2o_block.c
+!Idrivers/message/i2o/i2o_scsi.c
+!Idrivers/message/i2o/i2o_proc.c
+     </sect1>
   </chapter>
 
   <chapter id="snddev">
@@ -533,4 +559,12 @@ X!Idrivers/video/console/fonts.c
 -->
      </sect1>
   </chapter>
+
+  <chapter id="input_subsystem">
+     <title>Input Subsystem</title>
+!Iinclude/linux/input.h
+!Edrivers/input/input.c
+!Edrivers/input/ff-core.c
+!Edrivers/input/ff-memless.c
+  </chapter>
 </book>

Documentation/DocBook/writing_usb_driver.tmpl

@@ -345,8 +345,7 @@ static inline void skel_delete (struct usb_skel *dev)
         usb_buffer_free (dev->udev, dev->bulk_out_size,
             dev->bulk_out_buffer,
             dev->write_urb->transfer_dma);
-    if (dev->write_urb != NULL)
-        usb_free_urb (dev->write_urb);
+    usb_free_urb (dev->write_urb);
     kfree (dev);
 }
   </programlisting>

Documentation/IPMI.txt

@@ -365,6 +365,7 @@ You can change this at module load time (for a module) with:
        regshifts=<shift1>,<shift2>,...
        slave_addrs=<addr1>,<addr2>,...
        force_kipmid=<enable1>,<enable2>,...
+       unload_when_empty=[0|1]
 
 Each of these except si_trydefaults is a list, the first item for the
 first interface, second item for the second interface, etc.
@@ -416,6 +417,11 @@ by the driver, but systems with broken interrupts might need an enable,
 or users that don't want the daemon (don't need the performance, don't
 want the CPU hit) can disable it.
 
+If unload_when_empty is set to 1, the driver will be unloaded if it
+doesn't find any interfaces or all the interfaces fail to work.  The
+default is one.  Setting to 0 is useful with the hotmod, but is
+obviously only useful for modules.
+
 When compiled into the kernel, the parameters can be specified on the
 kernel command line as:
 
@@ -441,6 +447,25 @@ have high-res timers enabled in the kernel and you don't have
 interrupts enabled, the driver will run VERY slowly.  Don't blame me,
 these interfaces suck.
 
+The driver supports a hot add and remove of interfaces.  This way,
+interfaces can be added or removed after the kernel is up and running.
+This is done using /sys/modules/ipmi_si/hotmod, which is a write-only
+parameter.  You write a string to this interface.  The string has the
+format:
+   <op1>[:op2[:op3...]]
+The "op"s are:
+   add|remove,kcs|bt|smic,mem|i/o,<address>[,<opt1>[,<opt2>[,...]]]
+You can specify more than one interface on the line.  The "opt"s are:
+   rsp=<regspacing>
+   rsi=<regsize>
+   rsh=<regshift>
+   irq=<irq>
+   ipmb=<ipmb slave addr>
+and these have the same meanings as discussed above.  Note that you
+can also use this on the kernel command line for a more compact format
+for specifying an interface.  Note that when removing an interface,
+only the first three parameters (si type, address type, and address)
+are used for the comparison.  Any options are ignored for removing.
 
 The SMBus Driver
 ----------------
@@ -502,7 +527,10 @@ used to control it:
 
   modprobe ipmi_watchdog timeout=<t> pretimeout=<t> action=<action type>
       preaction=<preaction type> preop=<preop type> start_now=x
-      nowayout=x
+      nowayout=x ifnum_to_use=n
+
+ifnum_to_use specifies which interface the watchdog timer should use.
+The default is -1, which means to pick the first one registered.
 
 The timeout is the number of seconds to the action, and the pretimeout
 is the amount of seconds before the reset that the pre-timeout panic will
@@ -624,5 +652,9 @@ command line.  The parameter is also available via the proc filesystem
 in /proc/sys/dev/ipmi/poweroff_powercycle.  Note that if the system
 does not support power cycling, it will always do the power off.
 
+The "ifnum_to_use" parameter specifies which interface the poweroff
+code should use.  The default is -1, which means to pick the first one
+registered.
+
 Note that if you have ACPI enabled, the system will prefer using ACPI to
 power off.

Documentation/MSI-HOWTO.txt

@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ into the field vector of each element contained in a second argument.
 Note that the pre-assigned IOAPIC dev->irq is valid only if the device
 operates in PIN-IRQ assertion mode. In MSI-X mode, any attempt at
 using dev->irq by the device driver to request for interrupt service
-may result unpredictabe behavior.
+may result in unpredictable behavior.
 
 For each MSI-X vector granted, a device driver is responsible for calling
 other functions like request_irq(), enable_irq(), etc. to enable

Documentation/SubmitChecklist

@@ -66,3 +66,9 @@ kernel patches.
     See Documentation/ABI/README for more information.
 
 20: Check that it all passes `make headers_check'.
+
+21: Has been checked with injection of at least slab and page-allocation
+    fauilures.  See Documentation/fault-injection/.
+
+    If the new code is substantial, addition of subsystem-specific fault
+    injection might be appropriate.

Documentation/accounting/getdelays.c

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
  * Copyright (C) Balbir Singh, IBM Corp. 2006
  * Copyright (c) Jay Lan, SGI. 2006
  *
+ * Compile with
+ *	gcc -I/usr/src/linux/include getdelays.c -o getdelays
  */
 
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -35,13 +37,20 @@
 #define NLA_DATA(na)		((void *)((char*)(na) + NLA_HDRLEN))
 #define NLA_PAYLOAD(len)	(len - NLA_HDRLEN)
 
-#define err(code, fmt, arg...) do { printf(fmt, ##arg); exit(code); } while (0)
-int done = 0;
-int rcvbufsz=0;
+#define err(code, fmt, arg...)			\
+	do {					\
+		fprintf(stderr, fmt, ##arg);	\
+		exit(code);			\
+	} while (0)
 
-    char name[100];
-int dbg=0, print_delays=0;
+int done;
+int rcvbufsz;
+char name[100];
+int dbg;
+int print_delays;
+int print_io_accounting;
 __u64 stime, utime;
+
 #define PRINTF(fmt, arg...) {			\
 	    if (dbg) {				\
 		printf(fmt, ##arg);		\
@@ -78,8 +87,9 @@ static int create_nl_socket(int protocol)
 	if (rcvbufsz)
 		if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF,
 				&rcvbufsz, sizeof(rcvbufsz)) < 0) {
-			printf("Unable to set socket rcv buf size to %d\n",
-			       rcvbufsz);
+			fprintf(stderr, "Unable to set socket rcv buf size "
+					"to %d\n",
+				rcvbufsz);
 			return -1;
 		}
 
@@ -186,6 +196,15 @@ void print_delayacct(struct taskstats *t)
 	       "count", "delay total", t->swapin_count, t->swapin_delay_total);
 }
 
+void print_ioacct(struct taskstats *t)
+{
+	printf("%s: read=%llu, write=%llu, cancelled_write=%llu\n",
+		t->ac_comm,
+		(unsigned long long)t->read_bytes,
+		(unsigned long long)t->write_bytes,
+		(unsigned long long)t->cancelled_write_bytes);
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
 	int c, rc, rep_len, aggr_len, len2, cmd_type;
@@ -208,7 +227,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	struct msgtemplate msg;
 
 	while (1) {
-		c = getopt(argc, argv, "dw:r:m:t:p:v:l");
+		c = getopt(argc, argv, "diw:r:m:t:p:v:l");
 		if (c < 0)
 			break;
 
@@ -217,6 +236,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			printf("print delayacct stats ON\n");
 			print_delays = 1;
 			break;
+		case 'i':
+			printf("printing IO accounting\n");
+			print_io_accounting = 1;
+			break;
 		case 'w':
 			strncpy(logfile, optarg, MAX_FILENAME);
 			printf("write to file %s\n", logfile);
@@ -238,14 +261,12 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			if (!tid)
 				err(1, "Invalid tgid\n");
 			cmd_type = TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_TGID;
-			print_delays = 1;
 			break;
 		case 'p':
 			tid = atoi(optarg);
 			if (!tid)
 				err(1, "Invalid pid\n");
 			cmd_type = TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_PID;
-			print_delays = 1;
 			break;
 		case 'v':
 			printf("debug on\n");
@@ -277,7 +298,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	mypid = getpid();
 	id = get_family_id(nl_sd);
 	if (!id) {
-		printf("Error getting family id, errno %d", errno);
+		fprintf(stderr, "Error getting family id, errno %d\n", errno);
 		goto err;
 	}
 	PRINTF("family id %d\n", id);
@@ -288,7 +309,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			      &cpumask, strlen(cpumask) + 1);
 		PRINTF("Sent register cpumask, retval %d\n", rc);
 		if (rc < 0) {
-			printf("error sending register cpumask\n");
+			fprintf(stderr, "error sending register cpumask\n");
 			goto err;
 		}
 	}
@@ -298,7 +319,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			      cmd_type, &tid, sizeof(__u32));
 		PRINTF("Sent pid/tgid, retval %d\n", rc);
 		if (rc < 0) {
-			printf("error sending tid/tgid cmd\n");
+			fprintf(stderr, "error sending tid/tgid cmd\n");
 			goto done;
 		}
 	}
@@ -310,13 +331,15 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		PRINTF("received %d bytes\n", rep_len);
 
 		if (rep_len < 0) {
-			printf("nonfatal reply error: errno %d\n", errno);
+			fprintf(stderr, "nonfatal reply error: errno %d\n",
+				errno);
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (msg.n.nlmsg_type == NLMSG_ERROR ||
 		    !NLMSG_OK((&msg.n), rep_len)) {
 			struct nlmsgerr *err = NLMSG_DATA(&msg);
-			printf("fatal reply error,  errno %d\n", err->error);
+			fprintf(stderr, "fatal reply error,  errno %d\n",
+				err->error);
 			goto done;
 		}
 
@@ -356,6 +379,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 						count++;
 						if (print_delays)
 							print_delayacct((struct taskstats *) NLA_DATA(na));
+						if (print_io_accounting)
+							print_ioacct((struct taskstats *) NLA_DATA(na));
 						if (fd) {
 							if (write(fd, NLA_DATA(na), na->nla_len) < 0) {
 								err(1,"write error\n");
@@ -365,7 +390,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 							goto done;
 						break;
 					default:
-						printf("Unknown nested nla_type %d\n", na->nla_type);
+						fprintf(stderr, "Unknown nested"
+							" nla_type %d\n",
+							na->nla_type);
 						break;
 					}
 					len2 += NLA_ALIGN(na->nla_len);
@@ -374,7 +401,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 				break;
 
 			default:
-				printf("Unknown nla_type %d\n", na->nla_type);
+				fprintf(stderr, "Unknown nla_type %d\n",
+					na->nla_type);
 				break;
 			}
 			na = (struct nlattr *) (GENLMSG_DATA(&msg) + len);

Documentation/accounting/taskstats.txt

@@ -96,9 +96,9 @@ a) TASKSTATS_TYPE_AGGR_PID/TGID : attribute containing no payload but indicates
 a pid/tgid will be followed by some stats.
 
 b) TASKSTATS_TYPE_PID/TGID: attribute whose payload is the pid/tgid whose stats
-is being returned.
+are being returned.
 
-c) TASKSTATS_TYPE_STATS: attribute with a struct taskstsats as payload. The
+c) TASKSTATS_TYPE_STATS: attribute with a struct taskstats as payload. The
 same structure is used for both per-pid and per-tgid stats.
 
 3. New message sent by kernel whenever a task exits. The payload consists of a
@@ -122,12 +122,12 @@ of atomicity).
 
 However, maintaining per-process, in addition to per-task stats, within the
 kernel has space and time overheads. To address this, the taskstats code
-accumalates each exiting task's statistics into a process-wide data structure.
-When the last task of a process exits, the process level data accumalated also
+accumulates each exiting task's statistics into a process-wide data structure.
+When the last task of a process exits, the process level data accumulated also
 gets sent to userspace (along with the per-task data).
 
 When a user queries to get per-tgid data, the sum of all other live threads in
-the group is added up and added to the accumalated total for previously exited
+the group is added up and added to the accumulated total for previously exited
 threads of the same thread group.
 
 Extending taskstats

Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt

@@ -24,8 +24,10 @@ very similar behavior to the deadline IO scheduler.
 Selecting IO schedulers
 -----------------------
 To choose IO schedulers at boot time, use the argument 'elevator=deadline'.
-'noop' and 'as' (the default) are also available. IO schedulers are assigned
-globally at boot time only presently.
+'noop', 'as' and 'cfq' (the default) are also available. IO schedulers are
+assigned globally at boot time only presently. It's also possible to change
+the IO scheduler for a determined device on the fly, as described in
+Documentation/block/switching-sched.txt.
 
 
 Anticipatory IO scheduler Policies

Documentation/block/biodoc.txt

@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ it, the pci dma mapping routines and associated data structures have now been
 modified to accomplish a direct page -> bus translation, without requiring
 a virtual address mapping (unlike the earlier scheme of virtual address
 -> bus translation). So this works uniformly for high-memory pages (which
-do not have a correponding kernel virtual address space mapping) and
+do not have a corresponding kernel virtual address space mapping) and
 low-memory pages.
 
 Note: Please refer to DMA-mapping.txt for a discussion on PCI high mem DMA
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ forced such requests to be broken up into small chunks before being passed
 on to the generic block layer, only to be merged by the i/o scheduler
 when the underlying device was capable of handling the i/o in one shot.
 Also, using the buffer head as an i/o structure for i/os that didn't originate
-from the buffer cache unecessarily added to the weight of the descriptors
+from the buffer cache unnecessarily added to the weight of the descriptors
 which were generated for each such chunk.
 
 The following were some of the goals and expectations considered in the
@@ -403,14 +403,14 @@ i.  Should be appropriate as a descriptor for both raw and buffered i/o  -
     for raw i/o.
 ii. Ability to represent high-memory buffers (which do not have a virtual
     address mapping in kernel address space).
-iii.Ability to represent large i/os w/o unecessarily breaking them up (i.e
+iii.Ability to represent large i/os w/o unnecessarily breaking them up (i.e
     greater than PAGE_SIZE chunks in one shot)
 iv. At the same time, ability to retain independent identity of i/os from
     different sources or i/o units requiring individual completion (e.g. for
     latency reasons)
 v.  Ability to represent an i/o involving multiple physical memory segments
     (including non-page aligned page fragments, as specified via readv/writev)
-    without unecessarily breaking it up, if the underlying device is capable of
+    without unnecessarily breaking it up, if the underlying device is capable of
     handling it.
 vi. Preferably should be based on a memory descriptor structure that can be
     passed around different types of subsystems or layers, maybe even
@@ -946,6 +946,13 @@ elevator_merged_fn		called when a request in the scheduler has been
 				scheduler for example, to reposition the request
 				if its sorting order has changed.
 
+elevator_allow_merge_fn		called whenever the block layer determines
+				that a bio can be merged into an existing
+				request safely. The io scheduler may still
+				want to stop a merge at this point if it
+				results in some sort of conflict internally,
+				this hook allows it to do that.
+
 elevator_dispatch_fn		fills the dispatch queue with ready requests.
 				I/O schedulers are free to postpone requests by
 				not filling the dispatch queue unless @force
@@ -1013,7 +1020,7 @@ Characteristics:
 i. Binary tree
 AS and deadline i/o schedulers use red black binary trees for disk position
 sorting and searching, and a fifo linked list for time-based searching. This
-gives good scalability and good availablility of information. Requests are
+gives good scalability and good availability of information. Requests are
 almost always dispatched in disk sort order, so a cache is kept of the next
 request in sort order to prevent binary tree lookups.
 

Documentation/cachetlb.txt

@@ -179,10 +179,21 @@ Here are the routines, one by one:
 	lines associated with 'mm'.
 
 	This interface is used to handle whole address space
-	page table operations such as what happens during
-	fork, exit, and exec.
+	page table operations such as what happens during exit and exec.
 
-2) void flush_cache_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+2) void flush_cache_dup_mm(struct mm_struct *mm)
+
+	This interface flushes an entire user address space from
+	the caches.  That is, after running, there will be no cache
+	lines associated with 'mm'.
+
+	This interface is used to handle whole address space
+	page table operations such as what happens during fork.
+
+	This option is separate from flush_cache_mm to allow some
+	optimizations for VIPT caches.
+
+3) void flush_cache_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 			  unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
 
 	Here we are flushing a specific range of (user) virtual
@@ -199,7 +210,7 @@ Here are the routines, one by one:
 	call flush_cache_page (see below) for each entry which may be
 	modified.
 
-3) void flush_cache_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr, unsigned long pfn)
+4) void flush_cache_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr, unsigned long pfn)
 
 	This time we need to remove a PAGE_SIZE sized range
 	from the cache.  The 'vma' is the backing structure used by
@@ -220,7 +231,7 @@ Here are the routines, one by one:
 
 	This is used primarily during fault processing.
 
-4) void flush_cache_kmaps(void)
+5) void flush_cache_kmaps(void)
 
 	This routine need only be implemented if the platform utilizes
 	highmem.  It will be called right before all of the kmaps
@@ -232,7 +243,7 @@ Here are the routines, one by one:
 
 	This routing should be implemented in asm/highmem.h
 
-5) void flush_cache_vmap(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
+6) void flush_cache_vmap(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
    void flush_cache_vunmap(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
 
 	Here in these two interfaces we are flushing a specific range

Documentation/cdrom/packet-writing.txt

@@ -90,6 +90,41 @@ Notes
   to create an ext2 filesystem on the disc.
 
 
+Using the pktcdvd sysfs interface
+---------------------------------
+
+Since Linux 2.6.19, the pktcdvd module has a sysfs interface
+and can be controlled by it. For example the "pktcdvd" tool uses
+this interface. (see http://people.freenet.de/BalaGi#pktcdvd )
+
+"pktcdvd" works similar to "pktsetup", e.g.:
+
+	# pktcdvd -a dev_name /dev/hdc
+	# mkudffs /dev/pktcdvd/dev_name
+	# mount -t udf -o rw,noatime /dev/pktcdvd/dev_name /dvdram
+	# cp files /dvdram
+	# umount /dvdram
+	# pktcdvd -r dev_name
+
+
+For a description of the sysfs interface look into the file:
+
+  Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-pktcdvd
+
+
+Using the pktcdvd debugfs interface
+-----------------------------------
+
+To read pktcdvd device infos in human readable form, do:
+
+	# cat /debug/pktcdvd/pktcdvd[0-7]/info
+
+For a description of the debugfs interface look into the file:
+
+  Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-pktcdvd
+
+
+
 Links
 -----
 

Documentation/cpu-freq/core.txt

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Contents:
 1. General Information
 =======================
 
-The CPUFreq core code is located in linux/kernel/cpufreq.c. This
+The CPUFreq core code is located in drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq.c. This
 cpufreq code offers a standardized interface for the CPUFreq
 architecture drivers (those pieces of code that do actual
 frequency transitions), as well as to "notifiers". These are device

Documentation/cpu-freq/cpufreq-nforce2.txt

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 
-The cpufreq-nforce2 driver changes the FSB on nVidia nForce2 plattforms.
+The cpufreq-nforce2 driver changes the FSB on nVidia nForce2 platforms.
 
-This works better than on other plattforms, because the FSB of the CPU
+This works better than on other platforms, because the FSB of the CPU
 can be controlled independently from the PCI/AGP clock.
 
 The module has two options:

Documentation/cpu-hotplug.txt

@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ additional_cpus=n (*)	Use this to limit hotpluggable cpus. This option sets
 
 ia64 and x86_64 use the number of disabled local apics in ACPI tables MADT
 to determine the number of potentially hot-pluggable cpus. The implementation
-should only rely on this to count the #of cpus, but *MUST* not rely on the
-apicid values in those tables for disabled apics. In the event BIOS doesnt
+should only rely on this to count the # of cpus, but *MUST* not rely on the
+apicid values in those tables for disabled apics. In the event BIOS doesn't
 mark such hot-pluggable cpus as disabled entries, one could use this
 parameter "additional_cpus=x" to represent those cpus in the cpu_possible_map.
 

Documentation/devices.txt

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 	     Maintained by Torben Mathiasen <device@lanana.org>
 
-		      Last revised: 15 May 2006
+		      Last revised: 29 November 2006
 
 This list is the Linux Device List, the official registry of allocated
 device numbers and /dev directory nodes for the Linux operating
@@ -92,8 +92,9 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		  7 = /dev/full		Returns ENOSPC on write
 		  8 = /dev/random	Nondeterministic random number gen.
 		  9 = /dev/urandom	Faster, less secure random number gen.
-		 10 = /dev/aio		Asyncronous I/O notification interface
+		 10 = /dev/aio		Asynchronous I/O notification interface
 		 11 = /dev/kmsg		Writes to this come out as printk's
+
   1 block	RAM disk
 		  0 = /dev/ram0		First RAM disk
 		  1 = /dev/ram1		Second RAM disk
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		devices are on major 128 and above and use the PTY
 		master multiplex (/dev/ptmx) to acquire a PTY on
 		demand.
-  
+
   2 block	Floppy disks
 		  0 = /dev/fd0		Controller 0, drive 0, autodetect
 		  1 = /dev/fd1		Controller 0, drive 1, autodetect
@@ -257,7 +258,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		129 = /dev/vcsa1	tty1 text/attribute contents
 		    ...
 		191 = /dev/vcsa63	tty63 text/attribute contents
-	
+
 		NOTE: These devices permit both read and write access.
 
   7 block	Loopback devices
@@ -411,7 +412,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		207 = /dev/video/em8300_sp	EM8300 DVD decoder subpicture
 		208 = /dev/compaq/cpqphpc	Compaq PCI Hot Plug Controller
 		209 = /dev/compaq/cpqrid	Compaq Remote Insight Driver
-		210 = /dev/impi/bt	IMPI coprocessor block transfer	
+		210 = /dev/impi/bt	IMPI coprocessor block transfer
 		211 = /dev/impi/smic	IMPI coprocessor stream interface
 		212 = /dev/watchdogs/0	First watchdog device
 		213 = /dev/watchdogs/1	Second watchdog device
@@ -506,6 +507,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		 33 = /dev/patmgr1	Sequencer patch manager
 		 34 = /dev/midi02	Third MIDI port
 		 50 = /dev/midi03	Fourth MIDI port
+
  14 block	BIOS harddrive callback support {2.6}
 		  0 = /dev/dos_hda	First BIOS harddrive whole disk
 		 64 = /dev/dos_hdb	Second BIOS harddrive whole disk
@@ -527,6 +529,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 
  16 char	Non-SCSI scanners
 		  0 = /dev/gs4500	Genius 4500 handheld scanner
+
  16 block	GoldStar CD-ROM
 		  0 = /dev/gscd		GoldStar CD-ROM
 
@@ -548,6 +551,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		  0 = /dev/ttyC0	First Cyclades port
 		    ...
 		 31 = /dev/ttyC31	32nd Cyclades port
+
  19 block	"Double" compressed disk
 		  0 = /dev/double0	First compressed disk
 		    ...
@@ -563,6 +567,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		  0 = /dev/cub0		Callout device for ttyC0
 		    ...
 		 31 = /dev/cub31	Callout device for ttyC31
+
  20 block	Hitachi CD-ROM (under development)
 		  0 = /dev/hitcd	Hitachi CD-ROM
 
@@ -582,7 +587,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 
 		This device is used on the ARM-based Acorn RiscPC.
 		Partitions are handled the same way as for IDE disks
-		(see major number 3). 
+		(see major number 3).
 
  22 char	Digiboard serial card
 		  0 = /dev/ttyD0	First Digiboard port
@@ -591,7 +596,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
  22 block	Second IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
 		  0 = /dev/hdc		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
 		 64 = /dev/hdd		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
-		
+
 		Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
 		interface (see major number 3).
 
@@ -639,6 +644,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 
  26 char	Quanta WinVision frame grabber {2.6}
 		  0 = /dev/wvisfgrab	Quanta WinVision frame grabber
+
  26 block	Second Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
 		  0 = /dev/sbpcd4	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 0
 		  1 = /dev/sbpcd5	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 1
@@ -670,6 +676,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		 37 = /dev/nrawqft1	Unit 1, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
 		 38 = /dev/nrawqft2	Unit 2, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
 		 39 = /dev/nrawqft3	Unit 3, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
+
  27 block	Third Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
 		  0 = /dev/sbpcd8	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 0
 		  1 = /dev/sbpcd9	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 1
@@ -681,6 +688,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		  1 = /dev/staliomem1	Second Stallion card I/O memory
 		  2 = /dev/staliomem2	Third Stallion card I/O memory
 		  3 = /dev/staliomem3	Fourth Stallion card I/O memory
+
  28 char	Atari SLM ACSI laser printer (68k/Atari)
 		  0 = /dev/slm0		First SLM laser printer
 		  1 = /dev/slm1		Second SLM laser printer
@@ -690,6 +698,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		  1 = /dev/sbpcd13	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 1
 		  2 = /dev/sbpcd14	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 2
 		  3 = /dev/sbpcd15	Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 3
+
  28 block	ACSI disk (68k/Atari)
 		  0 = /dev/ada		First ACSI disk whole disk
 		 16 = /dev/adb		Second ACSI disk whole disk
@@ -750,6 +759,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
  31 char	MPU-401 MIDI
 		  0 = /dev/mpu401data	MPU-401 data port
 		  1 = /dev/mpu401stat	MPU-401 status port
+
  31 block	ROM/flash memory card
 		  0 = /dev/rom0		First ROM card (rw)
 		      ...
@@ -801,7 +811,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
  34 block	Fourth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
 		  0 = /dev/hdg		Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
 		 64 = /dev/hdh		Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
-		
+
 		Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
 		interface (see major number 3).
 
@@ -818,6 +828,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		129 = /dev/smpte1	Second MIDI port, SMPTE timed
 		130 = /dev/smpte2	Third MIDI port, SMPTE timed
 		131 = /dev/smpte3	Fourth MIDI port, SMPTE timed
+
  35 block	Slow memory ramdisk
 		  0 = /dev/slram	Slow memory ramdisk
 
@@ -828,6 +839,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		 16 = /dev/tap0		First Ethertap device
 		    ...
 		 31 = /dev/tap15	16th Ethertap device
+
  36 block	MCA ESDI hard disk
 		  0 = /dev/eda		First ESDI disk whole disk
 		 64 = /dev/edb		Second ESDI disk whole disk
@@ -882,6 +894,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 
  40 char	Matrox Meteor frame grabber {2.6}
 		  0 = /dev/mmetfgrab	Matrox Meteor frame grabber
+
  40 block	Syquest EZ135 parallel port removable drive
 		  0 = /dev/eza		Parallel EZ135 drive, whole disk
 
@@ -893,6 +906,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 
  41 char	Yet Another Micro Monitor
 		  0 = /dev/yamm		Yet Another Micro Monitor
+
  41 block	MicroSolutions BackPack parallel port CD-ROM
 		  0 = /dev/bpcd		BackPack CD-ROM
 
@@ -901,6 +915,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		the parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM driver at major number 46.
 
  42 char	Demo/sample use
+
  42 block	Demo/sample use
 
 		This number is intended for use in sample code, as
@@ -918,6 +933,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		  0 = /dev/ttyI0	First virtual modem
 		    ...
 		 63 = /dev/ttyI63	64th virtual modem
+
  43 block	Network block devices
 		  0 = /dev/nb0		First network block device
 		  1 = /dev/nb1		Second network block device
@@ -934,12 +950,13 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		  0 = /dev/cui0		Callout device for ttyI0
 		    ...
 		 63 = /dev/cui63	Callout device for ttyI63
+
  44 block	Flash Translation Layer (FTL) filesystems
 		  0 = /dev/ftla		FTL on first Memory Technology Device
 		 16 = /dev/ftlb		FTL on second Memory Technology Device
 		 32 = /dev/ftlc		FTL on third Memory Technology Device
 		    ...
-		240 = /dev/ftlp		FTL on 16th Memory Technology Device 
+		240 = /dev/ftlp		FTL on 16th Memory Technology Device
 
 		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
 		disks (see major number 3) except that the partition
@@ -958,6 +975,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		191 = /dev/ippp63	64th SyncPPP device
 
 		255 = /dev/isdninfo	ISDN monitor interface
+
  45 block	Parallel port IDE disk devices
 		  0 = /dev/pda		First parallel port IDE disk
 		 16 = /dev/pdb		Second parallel port IDE disk
@@ -1044,6 +1062,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		  1 = /dev/dcbri1	Second DataComm card
 		  2 = /dev/dcbri2	Third DataComm card
 		  3 = /dev/dcbri3	Fourth DataComm card
+
  52 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fifth controller
 		  0 = /dev/rd/c4d0	First disk, whole disk
 		  8 = /dev/rd/c4d1	Second disk, whole disk
@@ -1093,7 +1112,8 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 
  55 char	DSP56001 digital signal processor
 		  0 = /dev/dsp56k	First DSP56001
- 55 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; eigth controller
+
+ 55 block	Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; eighth controller
 		  0 = /dev/rd/c7d0	First disk, whole disk
 		  8 = /dev/rd/c7d1	Second disk, whole disk
 		    ...
@@ -1130,6 +1150,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		  0 = /dev/cup0		Callout device for ttyP0
 		  1 = /dev/cup1		Callout device for ttyP1
 		    ...
+
  58 block	Reserved for logical volume manager
 
  59 char	sf firewall package
@@ -1149,6 +1170,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		NAMING CONFLICT -- PROPOSED REVISED NAME /dev/rpda0 etc
 
  60-63 char	LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
+
  60-63 block	LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
 		Allocated for local/experimental use.  For devices not
 		assigned official numbers, these ranges should be
@@ -1434,7 +1456,6 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
 		partitions is 15.
 
-
  78 char	PAM Software's multimodem boards
 		  0 = /dev/ttyM0	First PAM modem
 		  1 = /dev/ttyM1	Second PAM modem
@@ -1450,13 +1471,12 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
 		partitions is 15.
 
-
  79 char	PAM Software's multimodem boards - alternate devices
 		  0 = /dev/cum0		Callout device for ttyM0
 		  1 = /dev/cum1		Callout device for ttyM1
 		    ...
 
- 79 block	Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, eigth controller
+ 79 block	Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, eighth controller
 		  0 = /dev/ida/c7d0	First logical drive whole disk
 		 16 = /dev/ida/c7d1	Second logical drive whole disk
 		    ...
@@ -1466,7 +1486,6 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
 		partitions is 15.
 
-
  80 char	Photometrics AT200 CCD camera
 		  0 = /dev/at200	Photometrics AT200 CCD camera
 
@@ -1679,7 +1698,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		  1 = /dev/dcxx1	Second capture card
 		    ...
 
- 94 block IBM S/390 DASD block storage
+ 94 block	IBM S/390 DASD block storage
     		  0 = /dev/dasda First DASD device, major
     		  1 = /dev/dasda1 First DASD device, block 1
 	    	  2 = /dev/dasda2 First DASD device, block 2
@@ -1695,7 +1714,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		  1 = /dev/ipnat	NAT control device/log file
 		  2 = /dev/ipstate	State information log file
 		  3 = /dev/ipauth	Authentication control device/log file
-		    ...		
+		    ...
 
  96 char	Parallel port ATAPI tape devices
 		  0 = /dev/pt0		First parallel port ATAPI tape
@@ -1705,7 +1724,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		129 = /dev/npt1		Second p.p. ATAPI tape, no rewind
 		    ...
 
- 96 block Inverse NAND Flash Translation Layer
+ 96 block	Inverse NAND Flash Translation Layer
 		  0 = /dev/inftla First INFTL layer
 		 16 = /dev/inftlb Second INFTL layer
 		    ...
@@ -1900,7 +1919,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		  1 = /dev/av1		Second A/V card
 		    ...
 
-111 block	Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, eigth controller
+111 block	Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, eighth controller
 		  0 = /dev/cciss/c7d0	First logical drive, whole disk
 		 16 = /dev/cciss/c7d1	Second logical drive, whole disk
 		    ...
@@ -1937,7 +1956,6 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		    ...
 
 113 block	IBM iSeries virtual CD-ROM
-
 		  0 = /dev/iseries/vcda	First virtual CD-ROM
 		  1 = /dev/iseries/vcdb	Second virtual CD-ROM
 		    ...
@@ -2059,11 +2077,12 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		    ...
 
 119 char	VMware virtual network control
-		  0 = /dev/vnet0	1st virtual network
-		  1 = /dev/vnet1	2nd virtual network
+		  0 = /dev/vmnet0	1st virtual network
+		  1 = /dev/vmnet1	2nd virtual network
 		    ...
 
 120-127 char	LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
+
 120-127 block	LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
 		Allocated for local/experimental use.  For devices not
 		assigned official numbers, these ranges should be
@@ -2075,7 +2094,6 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		nodes; instead they should be accessed through the
 		/dev/ptmx cloning interface.
 
-
 128 block       SCSI disk devices (128-143)
                   0 = /dev/sddy         129th SCSI disk whole disk
                  16 = /dev/sddz         130th SCSI disk whole disk
@@ -2087,7 +2105,6 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
 		partitions is 15.
 
-
 129 block       SCSI disk devices (144-159)
                   0 = /dev/sdeo         145th SCSI disk whole disk
                  16 = /dev/sdep         146th SCSI disk whole disk
@@ -2123,7 +2140,6 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
 		partitions is 15.
 
-
 132 block       SCSI disk devices (192-207)
                   0 = /dev/sdgk         193rd SCSI disk whole disk
                  16 = /dev/sdgl         194th SCSI disk whole disk
@@ -2135,7 +2151,6 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
 		partitions is 15.
 
-
 133 block       SCSI disk devices (208-223)
                   0 = /dev/sdha         209th SCSI disk whole disk
                  16 = /dev/sdhb         210th SCSI disk whole disk
@@ -2147,7 +2162,6 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
 		partitions is 15.
 
-
 134 block       SCSI disk devices (224-239)
                   0 = /dev/sdhq         225th SCSI disk whole disk
                  16 = /dev/sdhr         226th SCSI disk whole disk
@@ -2159,7 +2173,6 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
 		partitions is 15.
 
-
 135 block       SCSI disk devices (240-255)
                   0 = /dev/sdig         241st SCSI disk whole disk
                  16 = /dev/sdih         242nd SCSI disk whole disk
@@ -2171,7 +2184,6 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
 		partitions is 15.
 
-
 136-143 char	Unix98 PTY slaves
 		  0 = /dev/pts/0	First Unix98 pseudo-TTY
 		  1 = /dev/pts/1	Second Unix98 pesudo-TTY
@@ -2384,6 +2396,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		    ...
 
 159 char	RESERVED
+
 159 block	RESERVED
 
 160 char	General Purpose Instrument Bus (GPIB)
@@ -2427,7 +2440,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 
 		Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
 		disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
-		partitions is 31. 
+		partitions is 31.
 
 162 char	Raw block device interface
 		  0 = /dev/rawctl	Raw I/O control device
@@ -2483,7 +2496,6 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 
 171 char	Reserved for IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
 
-
 172 char	Moxa Intellio serial card
 		  0 = /dev/ttyMX0	First Moxa port
 		  1 = /dev/ttyMX1	Second Moxa port
@@ -2543,9 +2555,6 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		 64 = /dev/usb/rio500	Diamond Rio 500
 		 65 = /dev/usb/usblcd	USBLCD Interface (info@usblcd.de)
 		 66 = /dev/usb/cpad0	Synaptics cPad (mouse/LCD)
-		 67 = /dev/usb/adutux0	1st Ontrak ADU device
-		    ...
-		 76 = /dev/usb/adutux10	10th Ontrak ADU device
 		 96 = /dev/usb/hiddev0	1st USB HID device
 		    ...
 		111 = /dev/usb/hiddev15	16th USB HID device
@@ -2558,7 +2567,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		132 = /dev/usb/idmouse	ID Mouse (fingerprint scanner) device
 		133 = /dev/usb/sisusbvga1	First SiSUSB VGA device
 		    ...
-		140 = /dev/usb/sisusbvga8	Eigth SISUSB VGA device
+		140 = /dev/usb/sisusbvga8	Eighth SISUSB VGA device
 		144 = /dev/usb/lcd	USB LCD device
 		160 = /dev/usb/legousbtower0	1st USB Legotower device
 		    ...
@@ -2571,7 +2580,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		  0 = /dev/uba		First USB block device
 		  8 = /dev/ubb		Second USB block device
 		 16 = /dev/ubc		Third USB block device
-		    ...
+ 		    ...
 
 181 char	Conrad Electronic parallel port radio clocks
 		  0 = /dev/pcfclock0	First Conrad radio clock
@@ -2657,7 +2666,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		 32 = /dev/mvideo/status2	Third device
 		    ...
 		    ...
-		240 = /dev/mvideo/status15	16th device 
+		240 = /dev/mvideo/status15	16th device
 		    ...
 
 195 char	Nvidia graphics devices
@@ -2795,6 +2804,10 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		    ...
 		 185 = /dev/ttyNX15		Hilscher netX serial port 15
 		 186 = /dev/ttyJ0		JTAG1 DCC protocol based serial port emulation
+		 187 = /dev/ttyUL0		Xilinx uartlite - port 0
+		    ...
+		 190 = /dev/ttyUL3		Xilinx uartlite - port 3
+		 191 = /dev/xvc0		Xen virtual console - port 0
 
 205 char	Low-density serial ports (alternate device)
 		  0 = /dev/culu0		Callout device for ttyLU0
@@ -2832,7 +2845,6 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		 82 = /dev/cuvr0		Callout device for ttyVR0
 		 83 = /dev/cuvr1		Callout device for ttyVR1
 
-
 206 char	OnStream SC-x0 tape devices
 		  0 = /dev/osst0		First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 0
 		  1 = /dev/osst1		Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 0
@@ -2922,7 +2934,6 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		    ...
 
 212 char	LinuxTV.org DVB driver subsystem
-
 		  0 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/video0    first video decoder of first card
 		  1 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/audio0    first audio decoder of first card
 		  2 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/sec0      (obsolete/unused)
@@ -3008,9 +3019,9 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 		  2 = /dev/3270/tub2		Second 3270 terminal
 		    ...
 
-229 char	IBM iSeries virtual console
-		  0 = /dev/iseries/vtty0	First console port
-		  1 = /dev/iseries/vtty1	Second console port
+229 char	IBM iSeries/pSeries virtual console
+		  0 = /dev/hvc0			First console port
+		  1 = /dev/hvc1			Second console port
 		    ...
 
 230 char	IBM iSeries virtual tape
@@ -3083,12 +3094,14 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 234-239		UNASSIGNED
 
 240-254 char	LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
+
 240-254 block	LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
 		Allocated for local/experimental use.  For devices not
 		assigned official numbers, these ranges should be
 		used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments.
 
 255 char	RESERVED
+
 255 block	RESERVED
 
 		This major is reserved to assist the expansion to a
@@ -3115,7 +3128,20 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
 257 char	Phoenix Technologies Cryptographic Services Driver
 		  0 = /dev/ptlsec	Crypto Services Driver
 
+257 block	SSFDC Flash Translation Layer filesystem
+		  0 = /dev/ssfdca	First SSFDC layer
+		  8 = /dev/ssfdcb	Second SSFDC layer
+		 16 = /dev/ssfdcc	Third SSFDC layer
+		 24 = /dev/ssfdcd	4th SSFDC layer
+		 32 = /dev/ssfdce	5th SSFDC layer
+		 40 = /dev/ssfdcf	6th SSFDC layer
+		 48 = /dev/ssfdcg	7th SSFDC layer
+		 56 = /dev/ssfdch	8th SSFDC layer
 
+258 block	ROM/Flash read-only translation layer
+		  0 = /dev/blockrom0	First ROM card's translation layer interface
+		  1 = /dev/blockrom1	Second ROM card's translation layer interface
+		  ...
 
  ****	ADDITIONAL /dev DIRECTORY ENTRIES
 

Documentation/driver-model/platform.txt

@@ -1,99 +1,131 @@
 Platform Devices and Drivers
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+See <linux/platform_device.h> for the driver model interface to the
+platform bus:  platform_device, and platform_driver.  This pseudo-bus
+is used to connect devices on busses with minimal infrastructure,
+like those used to integrate peripherals on many system-on-chip
+processors, or some "legacy" PC interconnects; as opposed to large
+formally specified ones like PCI or USB.
+
 
 Platform devices
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 Platform devices are devices that typically appear as autonomous
 entities in the system. This includes legacy port-based devices and
-host bridges to peripheral buses. 
+host bridges to peripheral buses, and most controllers integrated
+into system-on-chip platforms.  What they usually have in common
+is direct addressing from a CPU bus.  Rarely, a platform_device will
+be connected through a segment of some other kind of bus; but its
+registers will still be directly addressible.
+
+Platform devices are given a name, used in driver binding, and a
+list of resources such as addresses and IRQs.
+
+struct platform_device {
+	const char	*name;
+	u32		id;
+	struct device	dev;
+	u32		num_resources;
+	struct resource	*resource;
+};
 
 
 Platform drivers
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-Drivers for platform devices are typically very simple and
-unstructured. Either the device was present at a particular I/O port
-and the driver was loaded, or it was not. There was no possibility
-of hotplugging or alternative discovery besides probing at a specific
-I/O address and expecting a specific response.
+Platform drivers follow the standard driver model convention, where
+discovery/enumeration is handled outside the drivers, and drivers
+provide probe() and remove() methods.  They support power management
+and shutdown notifications using the standard conventions.
+
+struct platform_driver {
+	int (*probe)(struct platform_device *);
+	int (*remove)(struct platform_device *);
+	void (*shutdown)(struct platform_device *);
+	int (*suspend)(struct platform_device *, pm_message_t state);
+	int (*suspend_late)(struct platform_device *, pm_message_t state);
+	int (*resume_early)(struct platform_device *);
+	int (*resume)(struct platform_device *);
+	struct device_driver driver;
+};
+
+Note that probe() should general verify that the specified device hardware
+actually exists; sometimes platform setup code can't be sure.  The probing
+can use device resources, including clocks, and device platform_data.
+
+Platform drivers register themselves the normal way:
+
+	int platform_driver_register(struct platform_driver *drv);
+
+Or, in common situations where the device is known not to be hot-pluggable,
+the probe() routine can live in an init section to reduce the driver's
+runtime memory footprint:
+
+	int platform_driver_probe(struct platform_driver *drv,
+			  int (*probe)(struct platform_device *))
 
 
-Other Architectures, Modern Firmware, and new Platforms
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-These devices are not always at the legacy I/O ports. This is true on
-other architectures and on some modern architectures. In most cases,
-the drivers are modified to discover the devices at other well-known
-ports for the given platform. However, the firmware in these systems
-does usually know where exactly these devices reside, and in some
-cases, it's the only way of discovering them. 
+Device Enumeration
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+As a rule, platform specific (and often board-specific) setup code wil
+register platform devices:
+
+	int platform_device_register(struct platform_device *pdev);
+
+	int platform_add_devices(struct platform_device **pdevs, int ndev);
+
+The general rule is to register only those devices that actually exist,
+but in some cases extra devices might be registered.  For example, a kernel
+might be configured to work with an external network adapter that might not
+be populated on all boards, or likewise to work with an integrated controller
+that some boards might not hook up to any peripherals.
+
+In some cases, boot firmware will export tables describing the devices
+that are populated on a given board.   Without such tables, often the
+only way for system setup code to set up the correct devices is to build
+a kernel for a specific target board.  Such board-specific kernels are
+common with embedded and custom systems development.
+
+In many cases, the memory and IRQ resources associated with the platform
+device are not enough to let the device's driver work.  Board setup code
+will often provide additional information using the device's platform_data
+field to hold additional information.
+
+Embedded systems frequently need one or more clocks for platform devices,
+which are normally kept off until they're actively needed (to save power).
+System setup also associates those clocks with the device, so that that
+calls to clk_get(&pdev->dev, clock_name) return them as needed.
 
 
-The Platform Bus
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-A platform bus has been created to deal with these issues. First and
-foremost, it groups all the legacy devices under a common bus, and
-gives them a common parent if they don't already have one. 
+Device Naming and Driver Binding
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+The platform_device.dev.bus_id is the canonical name for the devices.
+It's built from two components:
 
-But, besides the organizational benefits, the platform bus can also
-accommodate firmware-based enumeration. 
+    * platform_device.name ... which is also used to for driver matching.
 
+    * platform_device.id ... the device instance number, or else "-1"
+      to indicate there's only one.
 
-Device Discovery
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-The platform bus has no concept of probing for devices. Devices
-discovery is left up to either the legacy drivers or the
-firmware. These entities are expected to notify the platform of
-devices that it discovers via the bus's add() callback:
+These are catenated, so name/id "serial"/0 indicates bus_id "serial.0", and
+"serial/3" indicates bus_id "serial.3"; both would use the platform_driver
+named "serial".  While "my_rtc"/-1 would be bus_id "my_rtc" (no instance id)
+and use the platform_driver called "my_rtc".
 
-	platform_bus.add(parent,bus_id).
+Driver binding is performed automatically by the driver core, invoking
+driver probe() after finding a match between device and driver.  If the
+probe() succeeds, the driver and device are bound as usual.  There are
+three different ways to find such a match:
 
+    - Whenever a device is registered, the drivers for that bus are
+      checked for matches.  Platform devices should be registered very
+      early during system boot.
 
-Bus IDs
-~~~~~~~
-Bus IDs are the canonical names for the devices. There is no globally
-standard addressing mechanism for legacy devices. In the IA-32 world,
-we have Pnp IDs to use, as well as the legacy I/O ports. However,
-neither tell what the device really is or have any meaning on other
-platforms. 
+    - When a driver is registered using platform_driver_register(), all
+      unbound devices on that bus are checked for matches.  Drivers
+      usually register later during booting, or by module loading.
 
-Since both PnP IDs and the legacy I/O ports (and other standard I/O
-ports for specific devices) have a 1:1 mapping, we map the
-platform-specific name or identifier to a generic name (at least
-within the scope of the kernel).
-
-For example, a serial driver might find a device at I/O 0x3f8. The
-ACPI firmware might also discover a device with PnP ID (_HID)
-PNP0501. Both correspond to the same device and should be mapped to the
-canonical name 'serial'. 
-
-The bus_id field should be a concatenation of the canonical name and
-the instance of that type of device. For example, the device at I/O
-port 0x3f8 should have a bus_id of "serial0". This places the
-responsibility of enumerating devices of a particular type up to the
-discovery mechanism. But, they are the entity that should know best
-(as opposed to the platform bus driver).
-
-
-Drivers 
-~~~~~~~
-Drivers for platform devices should have a name that is the same as
-the canonical name of the devices they support. This allows the
-platform bus driver to do simple matching with the basic data
-structures to determine if a driver supports a certain device. 
-
-For example, a legacy serial driver should have a name of 'serial' and
-register itself with the platform bus. 
-
-
-Driver Binding
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-Legacy drivers assume they are bound to the device once they start up
-and probe an I/O port. Divorcing them from this will be a difficult
-process. However, that shouldn't prevent us from implementing
-firmware-based enumeration. 
-
-The firmware should notify the platform bus about devices before the
-legacy drivers have had a chance to load. Once the drivers are loaded,
-they driver model core will attempt to bind the driver to any
-previously-discovered devices. Once that has happened, it will be free
-to discover any other devices it pleases.
+    - Registering a driver using platform_driver_probe() works just like
+      using platform_driver_register(), except that the the driver won't
+      be probed later if another device registers.  (Which is OK, since
+      this interface is only for use with non-hotpluggable devices.)
 

Documentation/driver-model/porting.txt

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ struct device represents a single device. It mainly contains metadata
 describing the relationship the device has to other entities. 
 
 
-- Embedd a struct device in the bus-specific device type. 
+- Embed a struct device in the bus-specific device type. 
 
 
 struct pci_dev {

Documentation/dvb/cards.txt

@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ o Frontends drivers:
    - ves1x93		: Alps BSRV2 (ves1893 demodulator) and dbox2 (ves1993)
    - cx24110		: Conexant HM1221/HM1811 (cx24110 or cx24106 demod, cx24108 PLL)
    - grundig_29504-491	: Grundig 29504-491 (Philips TDA8083 demodulator), tsa5522 PLL
-   - mt312		: Zarlink mt312 or Mitel vp310 demodulator, sl1935 or tsa5059 PLL
+   - mt312		: Zarlink mt312 or Mitel vp310 demodulator, sl1935 or tsa5059 PLLi, Technisat Sky2Pc with bios Rev. 2.3
    - stv0299		: Alps BSRU6 (tsa5059 PLL), LG TDQB-S00x (tsa5059 PLL),
 			  LG TDQF-S001F (sl1935 PLL), Philips SU1278 (tua6100 PLL),
-			  Philips SU1278SH (tsa5059 PLL), Samsung TBMU24112IMB
+			  Philips SU1278SH (tsa5059 PLL), Samsung TBMU24112IMB, Technisat Sky2Pc with bios Rev. 2.6
   DVB-C:
    - ves1820		: various (ves1820 demodulator, sp5659c or spXXXX PLL)
    - at76c651		: Atmel AT76c651(B) with DAT7021 PLL

Documentation/dvb/ci.txt

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ eliminating the need for any additional ioctls.
 The disadvantage is that the driver/hardware has to manage the rest. For
 the application programmer it would be as simple as sending/receiving an
 array to/from the CI ioctls as defined in the Linux DVB API. No changes
-have been made in the API to accomodate this feature.
+have been made in the API to accommodate this feature.
 
 
 * Why the need for another CI interface ?
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ This CI interface follows the CI high level interface, which is not
 implemented by most applications. Hence this area is revisited.
 
 This CI interface is quite different in the case that it tries to
-accomodate all other CI based devices, that fall into the other categories
+accommodate all other CI based devices, that fall into the other categories.
 
 This means that this CI interface handles the EN50221 style tags in the
 Application layer only and no session management is taken care of by the

Documentation/eisa.txt

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ res           : root device I/O resource
 bus_base_addr : slot 0 address on this bus
 slots	      : max slot number to probe
 force_probe   : Probe even when slot 0 is empty (no EISA mainboard)
-dma_mask      : Default DMA mask. Usualy the bridge device dma_mask.
+dma_mask      : Default DMA mask. Usually the bridge device dma_mask.
 bus_nr	      : unique bus id, set by eisa_root_register
 
 ** Driver :

Documentation/fault-injection/failcmd.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+echo 1 > /proc/self/make-it-fail
+exec $*

Documentation/fault-injection/failmodule.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Usage: failmodule <failname> <modulename> [stacktrace-depth]
+#
+#	<failname>: "failslab", "fail_alloc_page", or "fail_make_request"
+#
+#	<modulename>: module name that you want to inject faults.
+#
+#	[stacktrace-depth]: the maximum number of stacktrace walking allowed
+#
+
+STACKTRACE_DEPTH=5
+if [ $# -gt 2 ]; then
+	STACKTRACE_DEPTH=$3
+fi
+
+if [ ! -d /debug/$1 ]; then
+	echo "Fault-injection $1 does not exist" >&2
+	exit 1
+fi
+if [ ! -d /sys/module/$2 ]; then
+	echo "Module $2 does not exist" >&2
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+# Disable any fault injection
+echo 0 > /debug/$1/stacktrace-depth
+
+echo `cat /sys/module/$2/sections/.text` > /debug/$1/require-start
+echo `cat /sys/module/$2/sections/.exit.text` > /debug/$1/require-end
+echo $STACKTRACE_DEPTH > /debug/$1/stacktrace-depth

Documentation/fault-injection/fault-injection.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+Fault injection capabilities infrastructure
+===========================================
+
+See also drivers/md/faulty.c and "every_nth" module option for scsi_debug.
+
+
+Available fault injection capabilities
+--------------------------------------
+
+o failslab
+
+  injects slab allocation failures. (kmalloc(), kmem_cache_alloc(), ...)
+
+o fail_page_alloc
+
+  injects page allocation failures. (alloc_pages(), get_free_pages(), ...)
+
+o fail_make_request
+
+  injects disk IO errors on devices permitted by setting
+  /sys/block/<device>/make-it-fail or
+  /sys/block/<device>/<partition>/make-it-fail. (generic_make_request())
+
+Configure fault-injection capabilities behavior
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+o debugfs entries
+
+fault-inject-debugfs kernel module provides some debugfs entries for runtime
+configuration of fault-injection capabilities.
+
+- /debug/fail*/probability:
+
+	likelihood of failure injection, in percent.
+	Format: <percent>
+
+	Note that one-failure-per-hundred is a very high error rate
+	for some testcases.  Consider setting probability=100 and configure
+	/debug/fail*/interval for such testcases.
+
+- /debug/fail*/interval:
+
+	specifies the interval between failures, for calls to
+	should_fail() that pass all the other tests.
+
+	Note that if you enable this, by setting interval>1, you will
+	probably want to set probability=100.
+
+- /debug/fail*/times:
+
+	specifies how many times failures may happen at most.
+	A value of -1 means "no limit".
+
+- /debug/fail*/space:
+
+	specifies an initial resource "budget", decremented by "size"
+	on each call to should_fail(,size).  Failure injection is
+	suppressed until "space" reaches zero.
+
+- /debug/fail*/verbose
+
+	Format: { 0 | 1 | 2 }
+	specifies the verbosity of the messages when failure is
+	injected.  '0' means no messages; '1' will print only a single
+	log line per failure; '2' will print a call trace too -- useful
+	to debug the problems revealed by fault injection.
+
+- /debug/fail*/task-filter:
+
+	Format: { 'Y' | 'N' }
+	A value of 'N' disables filtering by process (default).
+	Any positive value limits failures to only processes indicated by
+	/proc/<pid>/make-it-fail==1.
+
+- /debug/fail*/require-start:
+- /debug/fail*/require-end:
+- /debug/fail*/reject-start:
+- /debug/fail*/reject-end:
+
+	specifies the range of virtual addresses tested during
+	stacktrace walking.  Failure is injected only if some caller
+	in the walked stacktrace lies within the required range, and
+	none lies within the rejected range.
+	Default required range is [0,ULONG_MAX) (whole of virtual address space).
+	Default rejected range is [0,0).
+
+- /debug/fail*/stacktrace-depth:
+
+	specifies the maximum stacktrace depth walked during search
+	for a caller within [require-start,require-end) OR
+	[reject-start,reject-end).
+
+- /debug/fail_page_alloc/ignore-gfp-highmem:
+
+	Format: { 'Y' | 'N' }
+	default is 'N', setting it to 'Y' won't inject failures into
+	highmem/user allocations.
+
+- /debug/failslab/ignore-gfp-wait:
+- /debug/fail_page_alloc/ignore-gfp-wait:
+
+	Format: { 'Y' | 'N' }
+	default is 'N', setting it to 'Y' will inject failures
+	only into non-sleep allocations (GFP_ATOMIC allocations).
+
+o Boot option
+
+In order to inject faults while debugfs is not available (early boot time),
+use the boot option:
+
+	failslab=
+	fail_page_alloc=
+	fail_make_request=<interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
+
+How to add new fault injection capability
+-----------------------------------------
+
+o #include <linux/fault-inject.h>
+
+o define the fault attributes
+
+  DECLARE_FAULT_INJECTION(name);
+
+  Please see the definition of struct fault_attr in fault-inject.h
+  for details.
+
+o provide a way to configure fault attributes
+
+- boot option
+
+  If you need to enable the fault injection capability from boot time, you can
+  provide boot option to configure it. There is a helper function for it:
+
+	setup_fault_attr(attr, str);
+
+- debugfs entries
+
+  failslab, fail_page_alloc, and fail_make_request use this way.
+  Helper functions:
+
+	init_fault_attr_entries(entries, attr, name);
+	void cleanup_fault_attr_entries(entries);
+
+- module parameters
+
+  If the scope of the fault injection capability is limited to a
+  single kernel module, it is better to provide module parameters to
+  configure the fault attributes.
+
+o add a hook to insert failures
+
+  Upon should_fail() returning true, client code should inject a failure.
+
+	should_fail(attr, size);
+
+Application Examples
+--------------------
+
+o inject slab allocation failures into module init/cleanup code
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#!/bin/bash
+
+FAILCMD=Documentation/fault-injection/failcmd.sh
+BLACKLIST="root_plug evbug"
+
+FAILNAME=failslab
+echo Y > /debug/$FAILNAME/task-filter
+echo 10 > /debug/$FAILNAME/probability
+echo 100 > /debug/$FAILNAME/interval
+echo -1 > /debug/$FAILNAME/times
+echo 2 > /debug/$FAILNAME/verbose
+echo 1 > /debug/$FAILNAME/ignore-gfp-wait
+
+blacklist()
+{
+	echo $BLACKLIST | grep $1 > /dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+oops()
+{
+	dmesg | grep BUG > /dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+find /lib/modules/`uname -r` -name '*.ko' -exec basename {} .ko \; |
+	while read i
+	do
+		oops && exit 1
+
+		if ! blacklist $i
+		then
+			echo inserting $i...
+			bash $FAILCMD modprobe $i
+		fi
+	done
+
+lsmod | awk '{ if ($3 == 0) { print $1 } }' |
+	while read i
+	do
+		oops && exit 1
+
+		if ! blacklist $i
+		then
+			echo removing $i...
+			bash $FAILCMD modprobe -r $i
+		fi
+	done
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+o inject slab allocation failures only for a specific module
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#!/bin/bash
+
+FAILMOD=Documentation/fault-injection/failmodule.sh
+
+echo injecting errors into the module $1...
+
+modprobe $1
+bash $FAILMOD failslab $1 10
+echo 25 > /debug/failslab/probability
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+

Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt

@@ -30,11 +30,39 @@ Who:	Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
 ---------------------------
 
 What:	raw1394: requests of type RAW1394_REQ_ISO_SEND, RAW1394_REQ_ISO_LISTEN
-When:	November 2006
-Why:	Deprecated in favour of the new ioctl-based rawiso interface, which is
-	more efficient.  You should really be using libraw1394 for raw1394
-	access anyway.
-Who:	Jody McIntyre <scjody@modernduck.com>
+When:	June 2007
+Why:	Deprecated in favour of the more efficient and robust rawiso interface.
+	Affected are applications which use the deprecated part of libraw1394
+	(raw1394_iso_write, raw1394_start_iso_write, raw1394_start_iso_rcv,
+	raw1394_stop_iso_rcv) or bypass	libraw1394.
+Who:	Dan Dennedy <dan@dennedy.org>, Stefan Richter <stefanr@s5r6.in-berlin.de>
+
+---------------------------
+
+What:	dv1394 driver (CONFIG_IEEE1394_DV1394)
+When:	June 2007
+Why:	Replaced by raw1394 + userspace libraries, notably libiec61883.  This
+	shift of application support has been indicated on www.linux1394.org
+	and developers' mailinglists for quite some time.  Major applications
+	have been converted, with the exception of ffmpeg and hence xine.
+	Piped output of dvgrab2 is a partial equivalent to dv1394.
+Who:	Dan Dennedy <dan@dennedy.org>, Stefan Richter <stefanr@s5r6.in-berlin.de>
+
+---------------------------
+
+What:	ieee1394 core's unused exports (CONFIG_IEEE1394_EXPORT_FULL_API)
+When:	January 2007
+Why:	There are no projects known to use these exported symbols, except
+	dfg1394 (uses one symbol whose functionality is core-internal now).
+Who:	Stefan Richter <stefanr@s5r6.in-berlin.de>
+
+---------------------------
+
+What:	ieee1394's *_oui sysfs attributes (CONFIG_IEEE1394_OUI_DB)
+When:	January 2007
+Files:	drivers/ieee1394/: oui.db, oui2c.sh
+Why:	big size, little value
+Who:	Stefan Richter <stefanr@s5r6.in-berlin.de>
 
 ---------------------------
 
@@ -70,18 +98,6 @@ Who:	Dominik Brodowski <linux@brodo.de>
 
 ---------------------------
 
-What:	ip_queue and ip6_queue (old ipv4-only and ipv6-only netfilter queue)
-When:	December 2005
-Why:	This interface has been obsoleted by the new layer3-independent
-	"nfnetlink_queue".  The Kernel interface is compatible, so the old
-	ip[6]tables "QUEUE" targets still work and will transparently handle
-	all packets into nfnetlink queue number 0.  Userspace users will have
-	to link against API-compatible library on top of libnfnetlink_queue 
-	instead of the current 'libipq'.
-Who:	Harald Welte <laforge@netfilter.org>
-
----------------------------
-
 What:	remove EXPORT_SYMBOL(kernel_thread)
 When:	August 2006
 Files:	arch/*/kernel/*_ksyms.c
@@ -135,15 +151,6 @@ Who:	Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
 
 ---------------------------
 
-What:	I2C interface of the it87 driver
-When:	January 2007
-Why:	The ISA interface is faster and should be always available. The I2C
-	probing is also known to cause trouble in at least one case (see
-	bug #5889.)
-Who:	Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>
-
----------------------------
-
 What:	Unused EXPORT_SYMBOL/EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL exports
 	(temporary transition config option provided until then)
 	The transition config option will also be removed at the same time.
@@ -200,48 +207,6 @@ Who:	Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
 
 ---------------------------
 
-What:	i2c-ite and i2c-algo-ite drivers
-When:	September 2006
-Why:	These drivers never compiled since they were added to the kernel
-	tree 5 years ago. This feature removal can be reevaluated if
-	someone shows interest in the drivers, fixes them and takes over
-	maintenance.
-	http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-mips&m=115040510817448
-Who:	Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>
-
----------------------------
-
-What:	Bridge netfilter deferred IPv4/IPv6 output hook calling
-When:	January 2007
-Why:	The deferred output hooks are a layering violation causing unusual
-	and broken behaviour on bridge devices. Examples of things they
-	break include QoS classifation using the MARK or CLASSIFY targets,
-	the IPsec policy match and connection tracking with VLANs on a
-	bridge. Their only use is to enable bridge output port filtering
-	within iptables with the physdev match, which can also be done by
-	combining iptables and ebtables using netfilter marks. Until it
-	will get removed the hook deferral is disabled by default and is
-	only enabled when needed.
-
-Who:	Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
-
----------------------------
-
-What:	frame diverter
-When:	November 2006
-Why:	The frame diverter is included in most distribution kernels, but is
-	broken. It does not correctly handle many things:
-	- IPV6
-	- non-linear skb's
-	- network device RCU on removal
-	- input frames not correctly checked for protocol errors
-	It also adds allocation overhead even if not enabled.
-	It is not clear if anyone is still using it.
-Who:	Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@osdl.org>
-
----------------------------
-
-
 What:	PHYSDEVPATH, PHYSDEVBUS, PHYSDEVDRIVER in the uevent environment
 When:	October 2008
 Why:	The stacking of class devices makes these values misleading and
@@ -261,10 +226,33 @@ Who:	Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>
 
 ---------------------------
 
-What:	ftape
-When:	2.6.20
-Why:	Orphaned for ages.  SMP bugs long unfixed.  Few users left
-	in the world.
-Who:	Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
+What:	IPv4 only connection tracking/NAT/helpers
+When:	2.6.22
+Why:	The new layer 3 independant connection tracking replaces the old
+	IPv4 only version. After some stabilization of the new code the
+	old one will be removed.
+Who:	Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
+
+---------------------------
+
+What:	ACPI hooks (X86_SPEEDSTEP_CENTRINO_ACPI) in speedstep-centrino driver
+When:	December 2006
+Why:	Speedstep-centrino driver with ACPI hooks and acpi-cpufreq driver are
+	functionally very much similar. They talk to ACPI in same way. Only
+	difference between them is the way they do frequency transitions.
+	One uses MSRs and the other one uses IO ports. Functionaliy of
+	speedstep_centrino with ACPI hooks is now merged into acpi-cpufreq.
+	That means one common driver will support all Intel Enhanced Speedstep
+	capable CPUs. That means less confusion over name of
+	speedstep-centrino driver (with that driver supposed to be used on
+	non-centrino platforms). That means less duplication of code and
+	less maintenance effort and no possibility of these two drivers
+	going out of sync.
+	Current users of speedstep_centrino with ACPI hooks are requested to
+	switch over to acpi-cpufreq driver. speedstep-centrino will continue
+	to work using older non-ACPI static table based scheme even after this
+	date.
+
+Who:	Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
 
 ---------------------------

Documentation/filesystems/Locking

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ sync_fs:		no	no	read
 write_super_lockfs:	?
 unlockfs:		?
 statfs:			no	no	no
-remount_fs:		no	yes	maybe		(see below)
+remount_fs:		yes	yes	maybe		(see below)
 clear_inode:		no
 umount_begin:		yes	no	no
 show_options:		no				(vfsmount->sem)

Documentation/filesystems/adfs.txt

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ Mount options for ADFS
 
   uid=nnn	All files in the partition will be owned by
 		user id nnn.  Default 0 (root).
-  gid=nnn	All files in the partition willbe in group
+  gid=nnn	All files in the partition will be in group
 		nnn.  Default 0 (root).
   ownmask=nnn	The permission mask for ADFS 'owner' permissions
 		will be nnn.  Default 0700.

Documentation/filesystems/bfs.txt

@@ -54,4 +54,4 @@ The first 4 bytes should be 0x1badface.
 If you have any patches, questions or suggestions regarding this BFS
 implementation please contact the author:
 
-Tigran A. Aivazian <tigran@veritas.com>
+Tigran Aivazian <tigran@aivazian.fsnet.co.uk>

Documentation/filesystems/configfs/configfs.txt

@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ will happen for write(2).
 
 [struct config_group]
 
-A config_item cannot live in a vaccum.  The only way one can be created
+A config_item cannot live in a vacuum.  The only way one can be created
 is via mkdir(2) on a config_group.  This will trigger creation of a
 child item.
 
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ directory is not empty.
 
 [struct configfs_subsystem]
 
-A subsystem must register itself, ususally at module_init time.  This
+A subsystem must register itself, usually at module_init time.  This
 tells configfs to make the subsystem appear in the file tree.
 
 	struct configfs_subsystem {

Documentation/filesystems/fuse.txt

@@ -51,6 +51,22 @@ homepage:
 
   http://fuse.sourceforge.net/
 
+Filesystem type
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The filesystem type given to mount(2) can be one of the following:
+
+'fuse'
+
+  This is the usual way to mount a FUSE filesystem.  The first
+  argument of the mount system call may contain an arbitrary string,
+  which is not interpreted by the kernel.
+
+'fuseblk'
+
+  The filesystem is block device based.  The first argument of the
+  mount system call is interpreted as the name of the device.
+
 Mount options
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -94,6 +110,11 @@ Mount options
   The default is infinite.  Note that the size of read requests is
   limited anyway to 32 pages (which is 128kbyte on i386).
 
+'blksize=N'
+
+  Set the block size for the filesystem.  The default is 512.  This
+  option is only valid for 'fuseblk' type mounts.
+
 Control filesystem
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -111,7 +132,7 @@ For each connection the following files exist within this directory:
 
  'waiting'
 
-  The number of requests which are waiting to be transfered to
+  The number of requests which are waiting to be transferred to
   userspace or being processed by the filesystem daemon.  If there is
   no filesystem activity and 'waiting' is non-zero, then the
   filesystem is hung or deadlocked.
@@ -136,7 +157,7 @@ following will happen:
 
   2) If the request is not yet sent to userspace AND the signal is not
      fatal, then an 'interrupted' flag is set for the request.  When
-     the request has been successfully transfered to userspace and
+     the request has been successfully transferred to userspace and
      this flag is set, an INTERRUPT request is queued.
 
   3) If the request is already sent to userspace, then an INTERRUPT

Documentation/filesystems/hpfs.txt

@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ History
      Fixed race-condition in buffer code - it is in all filesystems in Linux;
         when reading device (cat /dev/hda) while creating files on it, files
         could be damaged
-2.02 Woraround for bug in breada in Linux. breada could cause accesses beyond
+2.02 Workaround for bug in breada in Linux. breada could cause accesses beyond
         end of partition
 2.03 Char, block devices and pipes are correctly created
      Fixed non-crashing race in unlink (Alexander Viro)

Documentation/filesystems/ntfs.txt

@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ Finally, for a mirrored volume, i.e. raid level 1, the table would look like
 this (note all values are in 512-byte sectors):
 
 --- cut here ---
-# Ofs Size   Raid   Log  Number Region Should Number Source  Start Taget  Start
+# Ofs Size   Raid   Log  Number Region Should Number Source  Start Target Start
 # in  of the type   type of log size   sync?  of     Device  in    Device in
 # vol volume		 params		     mirrors	     Device	  Device
 0    2056320 mirror core 2	16     nosync 2	   /dev/hda1 0   /dev/hdb1 0
@@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ Note, a technical ChangeLog aimed at kernel hackers is in fs/ntfs/ChangeLog.
 	- Major bug fixes for reading files and volumes in corner cases which
 	  were being hit by Windows 2k/XP users.
 2.1.2:
-	- Major bug fixes aleviating the hangs in statfs experienced by some
+	- Major bug fixes alleviating the hangs in statfs experienced by some
 	  users.
 2.1.1:
 	- Update handling of compressed files so people no longer get the

Documentation/filesystems/ocfs2.txt

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ Caveats
 Features which OCFS2 does not support yet:
 	- sparse files
 	- extended attributes
-	- shared writeable mmap
+	- shared writable mmap
 	- loopback is supported, but data written will not
 	  be cluster coherent.
 	- quotas
@@ -54,3 +54,6 @@ errors=panic		Panic and halt the machine if an error occurs.
 intr		(*)	Allow signals to interrupt cluster operations.
 nointr			Do not allow signals to interrupt cluster
 			operations.
+atime_quantum=60(*)	OCFS2 will not update atime unless this number
+			of seconds has passed since the last update.
+			Set to zero to always update atime.

Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt

@@ -1220,9 +1220,9 @@ applications are using mlock(), or if you are running with no swap then
 you probably should increase the lower_zone_protection setting.
 
 The units of this tunable are fairly vague.  It is approximately equal
-to "megabytes".  So setting lower_zone_protection=100 will protect around 100
+to "megabytes," so setting lower_zone_protection=100 will protect around 100
 megabytes of the lowmem zone from user allocations.  It will also make
-those 100 megabytes unavaliable for use by applications and by
+those 100 megabytes unavailable for use by applications and by
 pagecache, so there is a cost.
 
 The effects of this tunable may be observed by monitoring
@@ -1538,10 +1538,10 @@ TCP settings
 tcp_ecn
 -------
 
-This file controls the use of the ECN bit in the IPv4 headers, this is a new
+This file controls the use of the ECN bit in the IPv4 headers. This is a new
 feature about Explicit Congestion Notification, but some routers and firewalls
-block trafic that has this bit set, so it could be necessary to echo 0 to
-/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_ecn, if you want to talk to this sites. For more info
+block traffic that has this bit set, so it could be necessary to echo 0 to
+/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_ecn if you want to talk to these sites. For more info
 you could read RFC2481.
 
 tcp_retrans_collapse

Documentation/filesystems/spufs.txt

@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ FILES
    /signal2
        The two signal notification channels of an SPU.  These  are  read-write
        files  that  operate  on  a 32 bit word.  Writing to one of these files
-       triggers an interrupt on the SPU. The  value  writting  to  the  signal
+       triggers an interrupt on the SPU.  The  value  written  to  the  signal
        files can be read from the SPU through a channel read or from host user
        space through the file.  After the value has been read by the  SPU,  it
        is  reset  to zero.  The possible operations on an open signal1 or sig-

Documentation/filesystems/sysv-fs.txt

@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
-This is the implementation of the SystemV/Coherent filesystem for Linux.
 It implements all of
   - Xenix FS,
   - SystemV/386 FS,
   - Coherent FS.
 
-This is version beta 4.
-
 To install:
 * Answer the 'System V and Coherent filesystem support' question with 'y'
   when configuring the kernel.
@@ -28,11 +25,173 @@ Bugs in the present implementation:
   for this FS on hard disk yet.
 
 
-Please report any bugs and suggestions to
-  Bruno Haible <haible@ma2s2.mathematik.uni-karlsruhe.de>
-  Pascal Haible <haible@izfm.uni-stuttgart.de>
-  Krzysztof G. Baranowski <kgb@manjak.knm.org.pl>
+These filesystems are rather similar. Here is a comparison with Minix FS:
 
-Bruno Haible
-<haible@ma2s2.mathematik.uni-karlsruhe.de>
+* Linux fdisk reports on partitions
+  - Minix FS     0x81 Linux/Minix
+  - Xenix FS     ??
+  - SystemV FS   ??
+  - Coherent FS  0x08 AIX bootable
 
+* Size of a block or zone (data allocation unit on disk)
+  - Minix FS     1024
+  - Xenix FS     1024 (also 512 ??)
+  - SystemV FS   1024 (also 512 and 2048)
+  - Coherent FS   512
+
+* General layout: all have one boot block, one super block and
+  separate areas for inodes and for directories/data.
+  On SystemV Release 2 FS (e.g. Microport) the first track is reserved and
+  all the block numbers (including the super block) are offset by one track.
+
+* Byte ordering of "short" (16 bit entities) on disk:
+  - Minix FS     little endian  0 1
+  - Xenix FS     little endian  0 1
+  - SystemV FS   little endian  0 1
+  - Coherent FS  little endian  0 1
+  Of course, this affects only the file system, not the data of files on it!
+
+* Byte ordering of "long" (32 bit entities) on disk:
+  - Minix FS     little endian  0 1 2 3
+  - Xenix FS     little endian  0 1 2 3
+  - SystemV FS   little endian  0 1 2 3
+  - Coherent FS  PDP-11         2 3 0 1
+  Of course, this affects only the file system, not the data of files on it!
+
+* Inode on disk: "short", 0 means non-existent, the root dir ino is:
+  - Minix FS                            1
+  - Xenix FS, SystemV FS, Coherent FS   2
+
+* Maximum number of hard links to a file:
+  - Minix FS     250
+  - Xenix FS     ??
+  - SystemV FS   ??
+  - Coherent FS  >=10000
+
+* Free inode management:
+  - Minix FS                             a bitmap
+  - Xenix FS, SystemV FS, Coherent FS
+      There is a cache of a certain number of free inodes in the super-block.
+      When it is exhausted, new free inodes are found using a linear search.
+
+* Free block management:
+  - Minix FS                             a bitmap
+  - Xenix FS, SystemV FS, Coherent FS
+      Free blocks are organized in a "free list". Maybe a misleading term,
+      since it is not true that every free block contains a pointer to
+      the next free block. Rather, the free blocks are organized in chunks
+      of limited size, and every now and then a free block contains pointers
+      to the free blocks pertaining to the next chunk; the first of these
+      contains pointers and so on. The list terminates with a "block number"
+      0 on Xenix FS and SystemV FS, with a block zeroed out on Coherent FS.
+
+* Super-block location:
+  - Minix FS     block 1 = bytes 1024..2047
+  - Xenix FS     block 1 = bytes 1024..2047
+  - SystemV FS   bytes 512..1023
+  - Coherent FS  block 1 = bytes 512..1023
+
+* Super-block layout:
+  - Minix FS
+                    unsigned short s_ninodes;
+                    unsigned short s_nzones;
+                    unsigned short s_imap_blocks;
+                    unsigned short s_zmap_blocks;
+                    unsigned short s_firstdatazone;
+                    unsigned short s_log_zone_size;
+                    unsigned long s_max_size;
+                    unsigned short s_magic;
+  - Xenix FS, SystemV FS, Coherent FS
+                    unsigned short s_firstdatazone;
+                    unsigned long  s_nzones;
+                    unsigned short s_fzone_count;
+                    unsigned long  s_fzones[NICFREE];
+                    unsigned short s_finode_count;
+                    unsigned short s_finodes[NICINOD];
+                    char           s_flock;
+                    char           s_ilock;
+                    char           s_modified;
+                    char           s_rdonly;
+                    unsigned long  s_time;
+                    short          s_dinfo[4]; -- SystemV FS only
+                    unsigned long  s_free_zones;
+                    unsigned short s_free_inodes;
+                    short          s_dinfo[4]; -- Xenix FS only
+                    unsigned short s_interleave_m,s_interleave_n; -- Coherent FS only
+                    char           s_fname[6];
+                    char           s_fpack[6];
+    then they differ considerably:
+        Xenix FS
+                    char           s_clean;
+                    char           s_fill[371];
+                    long           s_magic;
+                    long           s_type;
+        SystemV FS
+                    long           s_fill[12 or 14];
+                    long           s_state;
+                    long           s_magic;
+                    long           s_type;
+        Coherent FS
+                    unsigned long  s_unique;
+    Note that Coherent FS has no magic.
+
+* Inode layout:
+  - Minix FS
+                    unsigned short i_mode;
+                    unsigned short i_uid;
+                    unsigned long  i_size;
+                    unsigned long  i_time;
+                    unsigned char  i_gid;
+                    unsigned char  i_nlinks;
+                    unsigned short i_zone[7+1+1];
+  - Xenix FS, SystemV FS, Coherent FS
+                    unsigned short i_mode;
+                    unsigned short i_nlink;
+                    unsigned short i_uid;
+                    unsigned short i_gid;
+                    unsigned long  i_size;
+                    unsigned char  i_zone[3*(10+1+1+1)];
+                    unsigned long  i_atime;
+                    unsigned long  i_mtime;
+                    unsigned long  i_ctime;
+
+* Regular file data blocks are organized as
+  - Minix FS
+               7 direct blocks
+               1 indirect block (pointers to blocks)
+               1 double-indirect block (pointer to pointers to blocks)
+  - Xenix FS, SystemV FS, Coherent FS
+              10 direct blocks
+               1 indirect block (pointers to blocks)
+               1 double-indirect block (pointer to pointers to blocks)
+               1 triple-indirect block (pointer to pointers to pointers to blocks)
+
+* Inode size, inodes per block
+  - Minix FS        32   32
+  - Xenix FS        64   16
+  - SystemV FS      64   16
+  - Coherent FS     64    8
+
+* Directory entry on disk
+  - Minix FS
+                    unsigned short inode;
+                    char name[14/30];
+  - Xenix FS, SystemV FS, Coherent FS
+                    unsigned short inode;
+                    char name[14];
+
+* Dir entry size, dir entries per block
+  - Minix FS     16/32    64/32
+  - Xenix FS     16       64
+  - SystemV FS   16       64
+  - Coherent FS  16       32
+
+* How to implement symbolic links such that the host fsck doesn't scream:
+  - Minix FS     normal
+  - Xenix FS     kludge: as regular files with  chmod 1000
+  - SystemV FS   ??
+  - Coherent FS  kludge: as regular files with  chmod 1000
+
+
+Notation: We often speak of a "block" but mean a zone (the allocation unit)
+and not the disk driver's notion of "block".

Documentation/ftape.txt

@@ -1,307 +0,0 @@
-Intro
-=====
-
-This file describes some issues involved when using the "ftape"
-floppy tape device driver that comes with the Linux kernel.
-
-ftape has a home page at
-
-http://ftape.dot-heine.de/
-
-which contains further information about ftape. Please cross check
-this WWW address against the address given (if any) in the MAINTAINERS
-file located in the top level directory of the Linux kernel source
-tree.
-
-NOTE: This is an unmaintained set of drivers, and it is not guaranteed to work.
-If you are interested in taking over maintenance, contact Claus-Justus Heine
-<ch@dot-heine.de>, the former maintainer.
-
-Contents
-========
-
-A minus 1: Ftape documentation
-
-A. Changes
-   1. Goal
-   2. I/O Block Size
-   3. Write Access when not at EOD (End Of Data) or BOT (Begin Of Tape)
-   4. Formatting
-   5. Interchanging cartridges with other operating systems
-
-B. Debugging Output
-   1. Introduction
-   2. Tuning the debugging output
-
-C. Boot and load time configuration
-   1. Setting boot time parameters
-   2. Module load time parameters
-   3. Ftape boot- and load time options
-   4. Example kernel parameter setting
-   5. Example module parameter setting
-
-D. Support and contacts
-
-*******************************************************************************
-
-A minus 1. Ftape documentation
-==============================
-
-Unluckily, the ftape-HOWTO is out of date. This really needs to be
-changed. Up to date documentation as well as recent development
-versions of ftape and useful links to related topics can be found at
-the ftape home page at
-
-http://ftape.dot-heine.de/
-
-*******************************************************************************
-
-A. Changes
-==========
-
-1. Goal
-   ~~~~
-   The goal of all that incompatibilities was to give ftape an interface
-   that resembles the interface provided by SCSI tape drives as close
-   as possible. Thus any Unix backup program that is known to work
-   with SCSI tape drives should also work.
-
-   The concept of a fixed block size for read/write transfers is
-   rather unrelated to this SCSI tape compatibility at the file system
-   interface level. It developed out of a feature of zftape, a
-   block wise user transparent on-the-fly compression. That compression
-   support will not be dropped in future releases for compatibility
-   reasons with previous releases of zftape.
-
-2. I/O Block Size
-   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-   The block size defaults to 10k which is the default block size of
-   GNU tar.
-
-   The block size can be tuned either during kernel configuration or
-   at runtime with the MTIOCTOP ioctl using the MTSETBLK operation
-   (i.e. do "mt -f /dev/qft0" setblk #BLKSZ). A block size of 0
-   switches to variable block size mode i.e. "mt setblk 0" switches
-   off the block size restriction. However, this disables zftape's
-   built in on-the-fly compression which doesn't work with variable
-   block size mode.
-
-   The BLKSZ parameter must be given as a byte count and must be a
-   multiple of 32k or 0, i.e. use "mt setblk 32768" to switch to a
-   block size of 32k.
-
-   The typical symptom of a block size mismatch is an "invalid
-   argument" error message.
-
-3. Write Access when not at EOD (End Of Data) or BOT (Begin Of Tape)
-   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-   zftape (the file system interface of ftape-3.x) denies write access
-   to the tape cartridge when it isn't positioned either at BOT or
-   EOD.
-
-4. Formatting
-   ~~~~~~~~~~
-   ftape DOES support formatting of floppy tape cartridges. You need the
-   `ftformat' program that is shipped with the modules version of ftape.
-   Please get the latest version of ftape from
-
-   ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/tapes
-
-   or from the ftape home page at
-
-   http://ftape.dot-heine.de/
-
-   `ftformat' is contained in the `./contrib/' subdirectory of that
-   separate ftape package.
-
-5. Interchanging cartridges with other operating systems
-   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-   The internal emulation of Unix tape device file marks has changed
-   completely. ftape now uses the volume table segment as specified
-   by the QIC-40/80/3010/3020/113 standards to emulate file marks. As
-   a consequence there is limited support to interchange cartridges
-   with other operating systems.
-
-   To be more precise: ftape will detect volumes written by other OS's
-   programs and other OS's programs will detect volumes written by
-   ftape.
-
-   However, it isn't possible to extract the data dumped to the tape
-   by some MSDOS program with ftape. This exceeds the scope of a
-   kernel device driver. If you need such functionality, then go ahead
-   and write a user space utility that is able to do that. ftape already
-   provides all kernel level support necessary to do that.
-
-*******************************************************************************
-
-B. Debugging Output
-   ================
-
-1. Introduction
-   ~~~~~~~~~~~~
-   The ftape driver can be very noisy in that is can print lots of
-   debugging messages to the kernel log files and the system console.
-   While this is useful for debugging it might be annoying during
-   normal use and enlarges the size of the driver by several kilobytes.
-
-   To reduce the size of the driver you can trim the maximal amount of
-   debugging information available during kernel configuration. Please
-   refer to the kernel configuration script and its on-line help
-   functionality.
-
-   The amount of debugging output maps to the "tracing" boot time
-   option and the "ft_tracing" modules option as follows:
-
-   0              bugs
-   1              + errors (with call-stack dump)
-   2              + warnings
-   3              + information
-   4              + more information
-   5              + program flow
-   6              + fdc/dma info
-   7              + data flow
-   8              + everything else
-
-2. Tuning the debugging output
-   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-   To reduce the amount of debugging output printed to the system
-   console you can
-
-   i)  trim the debugging output at run-time with
-
-       mt -f /dev/nqft0 setdensity #DBGLVL
-
-       where "#DBGLVL" is a number between 0 and 9
-
-   ii) trim the debugging output at module load time with
-
-       modprobe ftape ft_tracing=#DBGLVL
-
-       Of course, this applies only if you have configured ftape to be
-       compiled as a module.
-
-   iii) trim the debugging output during system boot time. Add the
-       following to the kernel command line:
-
-       ftape=#DBGLVL,tracing
-
-       Please refer also to the next section if you don't know how to
-       set boot time parameters.
-
-*******************************************************************************
-
-C. Boot and load time configuration
-   ================================
-
-1. Setting boot time parameters
-   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
-   Assuming that you use lilo, the LI)nux LO)ader, boot time kernel
-   parameters can be set by adding a line
-
-   append some_kernel_boot_time_parameter
-
-   to `/etc/lilo.conf' or at real boot time by typing in the options
-   at the prompt provided by LILO. I can't give you advice on how to
-   specify those parameters with other loaders as I don't use them.
-
-   For ftape, each "some_kernel_boot_time_parameter" looks like
-   "ftape=value,option". As an example, the debugging output can be
-   increased with
-
-   ftape=4,tracing
-
-   NOTE: the value precedes the option name.
-
-2. Module load time parameters
-   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-   Module parameters can be specified either directly when invoking
-   the program 'modprobe' at the shell prompt:
-
-   modprobe ftape ft_tracing=4
-
-   or by editing the file `/etc/modprobe.conf' in which case they take
-   effect each time when the module is loaded with `modprobe' (please
-   refer to the respective manual pages). Thus, you should add a line
-
-   options ftape ft_tracing=4
-
-   to `/etc/modprobe.conf` if you intend to increase the debugging
-   output of the driver.
-
-
-3. Ftape boot- and load time options
-   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-   i.   Controlling the amount of debugging output
-        DBGLVL has to be replaced by a number between 0 and 8.
-
-        module                 |  kernel command line
-        -----------------------|----------------------
-        ft_tracing=DBGLVL      |  ftape=DBGLVL,tracing
-
-   ii.  Hardware setup
-	BASE is the base address of your floppy disk controller,
-        IRQ and DMA give its interrupt and DMA channel, respectively.
-        BOOL is an integer, "0" means "no"; any other value means
-	"yes". You don't need to specify anything if connecting your tape
-        drive to the standard floppy disk controller. All of these
-	values have reasonable defaults. The defaults can be modified
-	during kernel configuration, i.e. while running "make config",
-	"make menuconfig" or "make xconfig" in the top level directory
-	of the Linux kernel source tree. Please refer also to the on
-	line documentation provided during that kernel configuration
-	process.
-
-	ft_probe_fc10 is set to a non-zero value if you wish for ftape to
-	probe for a Colorado FC-10 or FC-20 controller.
-
-	ft_mach2 is set to a non-zero value if you wish for ftape to probe
-	for a Mountain MACH-2 controller.
-
-        module                 |  kernel command line
-        -----------------------|----------------------
-        ft_fdc_base=BASE       |  ftape=BASE,ioport
-        ft_fdc_irq=IRQ         |  ftape=IRQ,irq
-        ft_fdc_dma=DMA         |  ftape=DMA,dma
-        ft_probe_fc10=BOOL     |  ftape=BOOL,fc10
-        ft_mach2=BOOL          |  ftape=BOOL,mach2
-        ft_fdc_threshold=THR   |  ftape=THR,threshold
-        ft_fdc_rate_limit=RATE |  ftape=RATE,datarate
-
-4. Example kernel parameter setting
-   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
-   To configure ftape to probe for a Colorado FC-10/FC-20 controller
-   and to increase the amount of debugging output a little bit, add
-   the following line to `/etc/lilo.conf':
-
-   append ftape=1,fc10 ftape=4,tracing
-
-5. Example module parameter setting
-   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-   To do the same, but with ftape compiled as a loadable kernel
-   module, add the following line to `/etc/modprobe.conf':
-
-   options ftape ft_probe_fc10=1 ft_tracing=4
-
-*******************************************************************************
-
-D. Support and contacts
-   ====================
-
-   Ftape is distributed under the GNU General Public License. There is
-   absolutely no warranty for this software. However, you can reach
-   the current maintainer of the ftape package under the email address
-   given in the MAINTAINERS file which is located in the top level
-   directory of the Linux kernel source tree. There you'll find also
-   the relevant mailing list to use as a discussion forum and the web
-   page to query for the most recent documentation, related work and
-   development versions of ftape.
-
-   Changelog:
-   ==========
-
-~1996:		Original Document
-
-10-24-2004:	General cleanup and updating, noting additional module options.
-		James Nelson <james4765@gmail.com>

Documentation/fujitsu/frv/gdbstub.txt

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ the following things on the "Kernel Hacking" tab:
 Then build as usual, download to the board and execute. Note that if
 "Immediate activation" was selected, then the kernel will wait for GDB to
 attach. If not, then the kernel will boot immediately and GDB will have to
-interupt it or wait for an exception to occur if before doing anything with
+interrupt it or wait for an exception to occur before doing anything with
 the kernel.
 
 

Documentation/fujitsu/frv/kernel-ABI.txt

@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ with the main kernel in this regard. Hence the debug mode code (gdbstub) is
 almost completely self-contained. The only external code used is the
 sprintf family of functions.
 
-Futhermore, break.S is so complicated because single-step mode does not
+Furthermore, break.S is so complicated because single-step mode does not
 switch off on entry to an exception. That means unless manually disabled,
 single-stepping will blithely go on stepping into things like interrupts.
 See gdbstub.txt for more information.

Documentation/hwmon/f71805f

@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ Supported chips:
     Prefix: 'f71805f'
     Addresses scanned: none, address read from Super I/O config space
     Datasheet: Provided by Fintek on request
+  * Fintek F71872F/FG
+    Prefix: 'f71872f'
+    Addresses scanned: none, address read from Super I/O config space
+    Datasheet: Provided by Fintek on request
 
 Author: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>
 
@@ -13,8 +17,8 @@ Thanks to Denis Kieft from Barracuda Networks for the donation of a
 test system (custom Jetway K8M8MS motherboard, with CPU and RAM) and
 for providing initial documentation.
 
-Thanks to Kris Chen from Fintek for answering technical questions and
-providing additional documentation.
+Thanks to Kris Chen and Aaron Huang from Fintek for answering technical
+questions and providing additional documentation.
 
 Thanks to Chris Lin from Jetway for providing wiring schematics and
 answering technical questions.
@@ -28,8 +32,11 @@ capabilities. It can monitor up to 9 voltages (counting its own power
 source), 3 fans and 3 temperature sensors.
 
 This chip also has fan controlling features, using either DC or PWM, in
-three different modes (one manual, two automatic). The driver doesn't
-support these features yet.
+three different modes (one manual, two automatic).
+
+The Fintek F71872F/FG Super I/O chip is almost the same, with two
+additional internal voltages monitored (VSB and battery). It also features
+6 VID inputs. The VID inputs are not yet supported by this driver.
 
 The driver assumes that no more than one chip is present, which seems
 reasonable.
@@ -42,7 +49,8 @@ Voltages are sampled by an 8-bit ADC with a LSB of 8 mV. The supported
 range is thus from 0 to 2.040 V. Voltage values outside of this range
 need external resistors. An exception is in0, which is used to monitor
 the chip's own power source (+3.3V), and is divided internally by a
-factor 2.
+factor 2. For the F71872F/FG, in9 (VSB) and in10 (battery) are also
+divided internally by a factor 2.
 
 The two LSB of the voltage limit registers are not used (always 0), so
 you can only set the limits in steps of 32 mV (before scaling).
@@ -61,9 +69,12 @@ in5     VIN5    +12V        200K     20K       11.00    1.05 V
 in6     VIN6    VCC1.5V      10K       -        1.00    1.50 V
 in7     VIN7    VCORE        10K       -        1.00   ~1.40 V (1)
 in8     VIN8    VSB5V       200K     47K        1.00    0.95 V
+in10    VSB     VSB3.3V     int.    int.        2.00    1.65 V (3)
+in9     VBAT    VBATTERY    int.    int.        2.00    1.50 V (3)
 
 (1) Depends on your hardware setup.
 (2) Obviously not correct, swapping R1 and R2 would make more sense.
+(3) F71872F/FG only.
 
 These values can be used as hints at best, as motherboard manufacturers
 are free to use a completely different setup. As a matter of fact, the
@@ -103,3 +114,38 @@ sensor. Each channel can be used for connecting either a thermal diode
 or a thermistor. The driver reports the currently selected mode, but
 doesn't allow changing it. In theory, the BIOS should have configured
 everything properly.
+
+
+Fan Control
+-----------
+
+Both PWM (pulse-width modulation) and DC fan speed control methods are
+supported. The right one to use depends on external circuitry on the
+motherboard, so the driver assumes that the BIOS set the method
+properly. The driver will report the method, but won't let you change
+it.
+
+When the PWM method is used, you can select the operating frequency,
+from 187.5 kHz (default) to 31 Hz. The best frequency depends on the
+fan model. As a rule of thumb, lower frequencies seem to give better
+control, but may generate annoying high-pitch noise. Fintek recommends
+not going below 1 kHz, as the fan tachometers get confused by lower
+frequencies as well.
+
+When the DC method is used, Fintek recommends not going below 5 V, which
+corresponds to a pwm value of 106 for the driver. The driver doesn't
+enforce this limit though.
+
+Three different fan control modes are supported:
+
+* Manual mode
+  You ask for a specific PWM duty cycle or DC voltage.
+
+* Fan speed mode
+  You ask for a specific fan speed. This mode assumes that pwm1
+  corresponds to fan1, pwm2 to fan2 and pwm3 to fan3.
+
+* Temperature mode
+  You define 3 temperature/fan speed trip points, and the fan speed is
+  adjusted depending on the measured temperature, using interpolation.
+  This mode is not yet supported by the driver.

Documentation/hwmon/it87

@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@ Supported chips:
                http://www.ite.com.tw/
   * IT8712F
     Prefix: 'it8712'
-    Addresses scanned: I2C 0x2d
-                       from Super I/O config space (8 I/O ports)
+    Addresses scanned: from Super I/O config space (8 I/O ports)
     Datasheet: Publicly available at the ITE website
                http://www.ite.com.tw/
   * IT8716F
@@ -53,6 +52,18 @@ Module Parameters
   misconfigured by BIOS - PWM values would be inverted. This option tries
   to fix this. Please contact your BIOS manufacturer and ask him for fix.
 
+
+Hardware Interfaces
+-------------------
+
+All the chips suported by this driver are LPC Super-I/O chips, accessed
+through the LPC bus (ISA-like I/O ports). The IT8712F additionally has an
+SMBus interface to the hardware monitoring functions. This driver no
+longer supports this interface though, as it is slower and less reliable
+than the ISA access, and was only available on a small number of
+motherboard models.
+
+
 Description
 -----------
 

Documentation/hwmon/k8temp

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Supported chips:
     Datasheet: http://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/white_papers_and_tech_docs/32559.pdf
 
 Author: Rudolf Marek
-Contact: Rudolf Marek <r.marek@sh.cvut.cz>
+Contact: Rudolf Marek <r.marek@assembler.cz>
 
 Description
 -----------

Documentation/hwmon/pc87427

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+Kernel driver pc87427
+=====================
+
+Supported chips:
+  * National Semiconductor PC87427
+    Prefix: 'pc87427'
+    Addresses scanned: none, address read from Super I/O config space
+    Datasheet: http://www.winbond.com.tw/E-WINBONDHTM/partner/apc_007.html
+
+Author: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>
+
+Thanks to Amir Habibi at Candelis for setting up a test system, and to
+Michael Kress for testing several iterations of this driver.
+
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+The National Semiconductor Super I/O chip includes complete hardware
+monitoring capabilities. It can monitor up to 18 voltages, 8 fans and
+6 temperature sensors. Only the fans are supported at the moment.
+
+This chip also has fan controlling features, which are not yet supported
+by this driver either.
+
+The driver assumes that no more than one chip is present, which seems
+reasonable.
+
+
+Fan Monitoring
+--------------
+
+Fan rotation speeds are reported as 14-bit values from a gated clock
+signal. Speeds down to 83 RPM can be measured.
+
+An alarm is triggered if the rotation speed drops below a programmable
+limit. Another alarm is triggered if the speed is too low to to be measured
+(including stalled or missing fan).

Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface

@@ -208,12 +208,14 @@ temp[1-*]_auto_point[1-*]_temp_hyst
 ****************
 
 temp[1-*]_type	Sensor type selection.
-		Integers 1 to 4 or thermistor Beta value (typically 3435)
+		Integers 1 to 6 or thermistor Beta value (typically 3435)
 		RW
 		1: PII/Celeron Diode
 		2: 3904 transistor
 		3: thermal diode
 		4: thermistor (default/unknown Beta)
+		5: AMD AMDSI
+		6: Intel PECI
 		Not all types are supported by all chips
 
 temp[1-*]_max	Temperature max value.

Documentation/hwmon/w83627ehf

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Supported chips:
 Authors:
         Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>
         Yuan Mu (Winbond)
-        Rudolf Marek <r.marek@sh.cvut.cz>
+        Rudolf Marek <r.marek@assembler.cz>
 
 Description
 -----------

Documentation/hwmon/w83791d

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Credits:
     and Mark Studebaker <mdsxyz123@yahoo.com>
   w83792d.c:
     Chunhao Huang <DZShen@Winbond.com.tw>,
-    Rudolf Marek <r.marek@sh.cvut.cz>
+    Rudolf Marek <r.marek@assembler.cz>
 
 Additional contributors:
     Sven Anders <anders@anduras.de>

Documentation/hwmon/w83793

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+Kernel driver w83793
+====================
+
+Supported chips:
+  * Winbond W83793G/W83793R
+    Prefix: 'w83793'
+    Addresses scanned: I2C 0x2c - 0x2f
+    Datasheet: Still not published
+
+Authors:
+    Yuan Mu (Winbond Electronics)
+    Rudolf Marek <r.marek@assembler.cz>
+
+
+Module parameters
+-----------------
+
+* reset int
+  (default 0)
+  This parameter is not recommended, it will lose motherboard specific
+  settings. Use 'reset=1' to reset the chip when loading this module.
+
+* force_subclients=bus,caddr,saddr1,saddr2
+  This is used to force the i2c addresses for subclients of
+  a certain chip. Typical usage is `force_subclients=0,0x2f,0x4a,0x4b'
+  to force the subclients of chip 0x2f on bus 0 to i2c addresses
+  0x4a and 0x4b.
+
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+This driver implements support for Winbond W83793G/W83793R chips.
+
+* Exported features
+  This driver exports 10 voltage sensors, up to 12 fan tachometer inputs,
+  6 remote temperatures, up to 8 sets of PWM fan controls, SmartFan
+  (automatic fan speed control) on all temperature/PWM combinations, 2
+  sets of 6-pin CPU VID input.
+
+* Sensor resolutions
+  If your motherboard maker used the reference design, the resolution of
+  voltage0-2 is 2mV, resolution of voltage3/4/5 is 16mV, 8mV for voltage6,
+  24mV for voltage7/8. Temp1-4 have a 0.25 degree Celsius resolution,
+  temp5-6 have a 1 degree Celsiis resolution.
+
+* Temperature sensor types
+  Temp1-4 have 3 possible types. It can be read from (and written to)
+  temp[1-4]_type.
+  - If the value of 0, the related temperature channel stops
+    monitoring.
+  - If the value is 3, it starts monitoring using a remote termal diode
+    (default).
+  - If the value is 5, it starts monitoring using the temperature sensor
+    in AMD CPU and get result by AMDSI.
+  - If the value is 6, it starts monitoring using the temperature sensor
+    in Intel CPU and get result by PECI.
+  Temp5-6 can be connected to external thermistors (value of
+  temp[5-6]_type is 4). They can also be disabled (value is 0).
+
+* Alarm mechanism
+  For voltage sensors, an alarm triggers if the measured value is below
+  the low voltage limit or over the high voltage limit.
+  For temperature sensors, an alarm triggers if the measured value goes
+  above the high temperature limit, and wears off only after the measured
+  value drops below the hysteresis value.
+  For fan sensors, an alarm triggers if the measured value is below the
+  low speed limit.
+
+* SmartFan/PWM control
+  If you want to set a pwm fan to manual mode, you just need to make sure it
+  is not controlled by any temp channel, for example, you want to set fan1
+  to manual mode, you need to check the value of temp[1-6]_fan_map, make
+  sure bit 0 is cleared in the 6 values. And then set the pwm1 value to
+  control the fan.
+
+  Each temperature channel can control all the 8 PWM outputs (by setting the
+  corresponding bit in tempX_fan_map), you can set the temperature channel
+  mode using temp[1-6]_pwm_enable, 2 is Thermal Cruise mode and 3
+  is the SmartFanII mode. Temperature channels will try to speed up or
+  slow down all controlled fans, this means one fan can receive different
+  PWM value requests from different temperature channels, but the chip
+  will always pick the safest (max) PWM value for each fan.
+
+  In Thermal Cruise mode, the chip attempts to keep the temperature at a
+  predefined value, within a tolerance margin. So if tempX_input >
+  thermal_cruiseX + toleranceX, the chip will increase the PWM value,
+  if tempX_input < thermal_cruiseX - toleranceX, the chip will decrease
+  the PWM value. If the temperature is within the tolerance range, the PWM
+  value is left unchanged.
+
+  SmartFanII works differently, you have to define up to 7 PWM, temperature
+  trip points, defining a PWM/temperature curve which the chip will follow.
+  While not fundamentally different from the Thermal Cruise mode, the
+  implementation is quite different, giving you a finer-grained control.
+
+* Chassis
+  If the case open alarm triggers, it will stay in this state unless cleared
+  by any write to the sysfs file "chassis".
+
+* VID and VRM
+  The VRM version is detected automatically, don't modify the it unless you
+  *do* know the cpu VRM version and it's not properly detected.
+
+
+Notes
+-----
+
+  Only Fan1-5 and PWM1-3 are guaranteed to always exist, other fan inputs and
+  PWM outputs may or may not exist depending on the chip pin configuration.

Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-amd8111

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Supported adapters:
 
 Datasheets:
 	AMD datasheet not yet available, but almost everything can be found
-	in publically available ACPI 2.0 specification, which the adapter 
+	in the publicly available ACPI 2.0 specification, which the adapter
 	follows.
 
 Author: Vojtech Pavlik <vojtech@suse.cz>

Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-i801

@@ -9,7 +9,10 @@ Supported adapters:
   * Intel 82801EB/ER (ICH5) (HW PEC supported, 32 byte buffer not supported)
   * Intel 6300ESB
   * Intel 82801FB/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6)
-  * Intel ICH7
+  * Intel 82801G (ICH7)
+  * Intel 631xESB/632xESB (ESB2)
+  * Intel 82801H (ICH8)
+  * Intel ICH9
     Datasheets: Publicly available at the Intel website
 
 Authors: 

Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-nforce2

@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ Supported adapters:
   * nForce4 MCP51              10de:0264
   * nForce4 MCP55              10de:0368
 
-Datasheet: not publically available, but seems to be similar to the
+Datasheet: not publicly available, but seems to be similar to the
            AMD-8111 SMBus 2.0 adapter.
 
 Authors:
-	Hans-Frieder Vogt <hfvogt@arcor.de>, 
+	Hans-Frieder Vogt <hfvogt@gmx.net>,
 	Thomas Leibold <thomas@plx.com>, 
         Patrick Dreker <patrick@dreker.de>
 	
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Notes
 -----
 
 The SMBus adapter in the nForce2 chipset seems to be very similar to the
-SMBus 2.0 adapter in the AMD-8111 southbridge. However, I could only get
+SMBus 2.0 adapter in the AMD-8111 south bridge. However, I could only get
 the driver to work with direct I/O access, which is different to the EC
 interface of the AMD-8111. Tested on Asus A7N8X. The ACPI DSDT table of the
 Asus A7N8X lists two SMBuses, both of which are supported by this driver.

Documentation/i386/boot.txt

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 		     ----------------------------
 
 		    H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
-			Last update 2005-09-02
+			Last update 2006-11-17
 
 On the i386 platform, the Linux kernel uses a rather complicated boot
 convention.  This has evolved partially due to historical aspects, as
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ Protocol 2.03:	(Kernel 2.4.18-pre1) Explicitly makes the highest possible
 		initrd address available to the bootloader.
 
 Protocol 2.04:	(Kernel 2.6.14) Extend the syssize field to four bytes.
+Protocol 2.05:	(Kernel 2.6.20) Make protected mode kernel relocatable.
+		Introduce relocatable_kernel and kernel_alignment fields.
 
 
 **** MEMORY LAYOUT
@@ -129,6 +131,8 @@ Offset	Proto	Name		Meaning
 0226/2	N/A	pad1		Unused
 0228/4	2.02+	cmd_line_ptr	32-bit pointer to the kernel command line
 022C/4	2.03+	initrd_addr_max	Highest legal initrd address
+0230/4	2.05+	kernel_alignment Physical addr alignment required for kernel
+0234/1	2.05+	relocatable_kernel Whether kernel is relocatable or not
 
 (1) For backwards compatibility, if the setup_sects field contains 0, the
     real value is 4.

Documentation/ibm-acpi.txt

@@ -398,26 +398,68 @@ Temperature sensors -- /proc/acpi/ibm/thermal
 
 Most ThinkPads include six or more separate temperature sensors but
 only expose the CPU temperature through the standard ACPI methods.
-This feature shows readings from up to eight different sensors. Some
-readings may not be valid, e.g. may show large negative values. For
-example, on the X40, a typical output may be:
-
-temperatures:   42 42 45 41 36 -128 33 -128
-
-Thomas Gruber took his R51 apart and traced all six active sensors in
-his laptop (the location of sensors may vary on other models):
-
-1:  CPU
-2:  Mini PCI Module
-3:  HDD
-4:  GPU
-5:  Battery
-6:  N/A
-7:  Battery
-8:  N/A
+This feature shows readings from up to eight different sensors on older
+ThinkPads, and it has experimental support for up to sixteen different
+sensors on newer ThinkPads.  Readings from sensors that are not available
+return -128.
 
 No commands can be written to this file.
 
+EXPERIMENTAL: The 16-sensors feature is marked EXPERIMENTAL because the
+implementation directly accesses hardware registers and may not work as
+expected. USE WITH CAUTION! To use this feature, you need to supply the
+experimental=1 parameter when loading the module.  When EXPERIMENTAL
+mode is enabled, reading the first 8 sensors on newer ThinkPads will
+also use an new experimental thermal sensor access mode.
+
+For example, on the X40, a typical output may be:
+temperatures:   42 42 45 41 36 -128 33 -128
+
+EXPERIMENTAL: On the T43/p, a typical output may be:
+temperatures:   48 48 36 52 38 -128 31 -128 48 52 48 -128 -128 -128 -128 -128
+
+The mapping of thermal sensors to physical locations varies depending on
+system-board model (and thus, on ThinkPad model).
+
+http://thinkwiki.org/wiki/Thermal_Sensors is a public wiki page that
+tries to track down these locations for various models.
+
+Most (newer?) models seem to follow this pattern:
+
+1:  CPU
+2:  (depends on model)
+3:  (depends on model)
+4:  GPU
+5:  Main battery: main sensor
+6:  Bay battery: main sensor
+7:  Main battery: secondary sensor
+8:  Bay battery: secondary sensor
+9-15: (depends on model)
+
+For the R51 (source: Thomas Gruber):
+2:  Mini-PCI
+3:  Internal HDD
+
+For the T43, T43/p (source: Shmidoax/Thinkwiki.org)
+http://thinkwiki.org/wiki/Thermal_Sensors#ThinkPad_T43.2C_T43p
+2:  System board, left side (near PCMCIA slot), reported as HDAPS temp
+3:  PCMCIA slot
+9:  MCH (northbridge) to DRAM Bus
+10: ICH (southbridge), under Mini-PCI card, under touchpad
+11: Power regulator, underside of system board, below F2 key
+
+The A31 has a very atypical layout for the thermal sensors
+(source: Milos Popovic, http://thinkwiki.org/wiki/Thermal_Sensors#ThinkPad_A31)
+1:  CPU
+2:  Main Battery: main sensor
+3:  Power Converter
+4:  Bay Battery: main sensor
+5:  MCH (northbridge)
+6:  PCMCIA/ambient
+7:  Main Battery: secondary sensor
+8:  Bay Battery: secondary sensor
+
+
 EXPERIMENTAL: Embedded controller register dump -- /proc/acpi/ibm/ecdump
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -529,27 +571,57 @@ directly accesses hardware registers and may not work as expected. USE
 WITH CAUTION! To use this feature, you need to supply the
 experimental=1 parameter when loading the module.
 
-This feature attempts to show the current fan speed. The speed is read
-directly from the hardware registers of the embedded controller. This
-is known to work on later R, T and X series ThinkPads but may show a
-bogus value on other models.
+This feature attempts to show the current fan speed, control mode and
+other fan data that might be available.  The speed is read directly
+from the hardware registers of the embedded controller.  This is known
+to work on later R, T and X series ThinkPads but may show a bogus
+value on other models.
+
+Most ThinkPad fans work in "levels".  Level 0 stops the fan.  The higher
+the level, the higher the fan speed, although adjacent levels often map
+to the same fan speed.  7 is the highest level, where the fan reaches
+the maximum recommended speed.  Level "auto" means the EC changes the
+fan level according to some internal algorithm, usually based on
+readings from the thermal sensors.  Level "disengaged" means the EC
+disables the speed-locked closed-loop fan control, and drives the fan as
+fast as it can go, which might exceed hardware limits, so use this level
+with caution.
+
+The fan usually ramps up or down slowly from one speed to another,
+and it is normal for the EC to take several seconds to react to fan
+commands.
 
 The fan may be enabled or disabled with the following commands:
 
 	echo enable  >/proc/acpi/ibm/fan
 	echo disable >/proc/acpi/ibm/fan
 
-WARNING WARNING WARNING: do not leave the fan disabled unless you are
-monitoring the temperature sensor readings and you are ready to enable
-it if necessary to avoid overheating.
+Placing a fan on level 0 is the same as disabling it.  Enabling a fan
+will try to place it in a safe level if it is too slow or disabled.
 
-The fan only runs if it's enabled *and* the various temperature
-sensors which control it read high enough. On the X40, this seems to
-depend on the CPU and HDD temperatures. Specifically, the fan is
-turned on when either the CPU temperature climbs to 56 degrees or the
-HDD temperature climbs to 46 degrees. The fan is turned off when the
-CPU temperature drops to 49 degrees and the HDD temperature drops to
-41 degrees. These thresholds cannot currently be controlled.
+WARNING WARNING WARNING: do not leave the fan disabled unless you are
+monitoring all of the temperature sensor readings and you are ready to
+enable it if necessary to avoid overheating.
+
+An enabled fan in level "auto" may stop spinning if the EC decides the
+ThinkPad is cool enough and doesn't need the extra airflow.  This is
+normal, and the EC will spin the fan up if the varios thermal readings
+rise too much.
+
+On the X40, this seems to depend on the CPU and HDD temperatures.
+Specifically, the fan is turned on when either the CPU temperature
+climbs to 56 degrees or the HDD temperature climbs to 46 degrees.  The
+fan is turned off when the CPU temperature drops to 49 degrees and the
+HDD temperature drops to 41 degrees.  These thresholds cannot
+currently be controlled.
+
+The fan level can be controlled with the command:
+
+	echo 'level <level>' > /proc/acpi/ibm/thermal
+
+Where <level> is an integer from 0 to 7, or one of the words "auto"
+or "disengaged" (without the quotes).  Not all ThinkPads support the
+"auto" and "disengaged" levels.
 
 On the X31 and X40 (and ONLY on those models), the fan speed can be
 controlled to a certain degree. Once the fan is running, it can be
@@ -562,12 +634,9 @@ about 3700 to about 7350. Values outside this range either do not have
 any effect or the fan speed eventually settles somewhere in that
 range. The fan cannot be stopped or started with this command.
 
-On the 570, temperature readings are not available through this
-feature and the fan control works a little differently. The fan speed
-is reported in levels from 0 (off) to 7 (max) and can be controlled
-with the following command:
-
-	echo 'level <level>' > /proc/acpi/ibm/thermal
+The ThinkPad's ACPI DSDT code will reprogram the fan on its own when
+certain conditions are met.  It will override any fan programming done
+through ibm-acpi.
 
 EXPERIMENTAL: WAN -- /proc/acpi/ibm/wan
 ---------------------------------------
@@ -601,6 +670,26 @@ example:
 
 	modprobe ibm_acpi hotkey=enable,0xffff video=auto_disable
 
+The ibm-acpi kernel driver can be programmed to revert the fan level
+to a safe setting if userspace does not issue one of the fan commands:
+"enable", "disable", "level" or "watchdog" within a configurable
+ammount of time.  To do this, use the "watchdog" command.
+
+	echo 'watchdog <interval>' > /proc/acpi/ibm/fan
+
+Interval is the ammount of time in seconds to wait for one of the
+above mentioned fan commands before reseting the fan level to a safe
+one.  If set to zero, the watchdog is disabled (default).  When the
+watchdog timer runs out, it does the exact equivalent of the "enable"
+fan command.
+
+Note that the watchdog timer stops after it enables the fan.  It will
+be rearmed again automatically (using the same interval) when one of
+the above mentioned fan commands is received.  The fan watchdog is,
+therefore, not suitable to protect against fan mode changes made
+through means other than the "enable", "disable", and "level" fan
+commands.
+
 
 Example Configuration
 ---------------------

Documentation/ide.txt

@@ -390,5 +390,5 @@ mlord@pobox.com
 Wed Apr 17 22:52:44 CEST 2002 edited by Marcin Dalecki, the current
 maintainer.
 
-Wed Aug 20 22:31:29 CEST 2003 updated ide boot uptions to current ide.c
+Wed Aug 20 22:31:29 CEST 2003 updated ide boot options to current ide.c
 comments at 2.6.0-test4 time. Maciej Soltysiak <solt@dns.toxicfilms.tv>

Documentation/input/amijoy.txt

@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ JOY1DAT   Y7  Y6  Y5  Y4  Y3  Y2  Y1  Y0     X7  X6  X5  X4  X3  X2  X1  X0
          |   1    | M0HQ     | JOY0DAT Horizontal Clock (quadrature)   |
          |   2    | M0V      | JOY0DAT Vertical Clock                  |
          |   3    | M0VQ     | JOY0DAT Vertical Clock  (quadrature)    |
-         |   4    | M1V      | JOY1DAT Horizontall Clock               |
-         |   5    | M1VQ     | JOY1DAT Horizontall Clock (quadrature)  |
+         |   4    | M1V      | JOY1DAT Horizontal Clock                |
+         |   5    | M1VQ     | JOY1DAT Horizontal Clock (quadrature)   |
          |   6    | M1V      | JOY1DAT Vertical Clock                  |
          |   7    | M1VQ     | JOY1DAT Vertical Clock (quadrature)     |
          +--------+----------+-----------------------------------------+

Documentation/input/atarikbd.txt

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ LEFT=0x74 & RIGHT=0x75).
 
 5.1 Joystick Event Reporting
 
-In this mode, the ikbd generates a record whever the joystick position is
+In this mode, the ikbd generates a record whenever the joystick position is
 changed (i.e. for each opening or closing of a joystick switch or trigger).
 
 The joystick event record is two bytes of the form:
@@ -277,8 +277,8 @@ default to 1 at RESET (or power-up).
 9.7 SET MOUSE SCALE
 
     0x0C
-    X                   ; horizontal mouse ticks per internel X
-    Y                   ; vertical mouse ticks per internel Y
+    X                   ; horizontal mouse ticks per internal X
+    Y                   ; vertical mouse ticks per internal Y
 
 This command sets the scale factor for the ABSOLUTE MOUSE POSITIONING mode.
 In this mode, the specified number of mouse phase changes ('clicks') must
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ mouse position.
     0x0F
 
 This command makes the origin of the Y axis to be at the bottom of the
-logical coordinate system internel to the ikbd for all relative or absolute
+logical coordinate system internal to the ikbd for all relative or absolute
 mouse motion. This causes mouse motion toward the user to be negative in sign
 and away from the user to be positive.
 
@@ -597,8 +597,8 @@ mode or FIRE BUTTON MONITORING mode.
 
 10. SCAN CODES
 
-The key scan codes return by the ikbd are chosen to simplify the
-implementaion of GSX.
+The key scan codes returned by the ikbd are chosen to simplify the
+implementation of GSX.
 
 GSX Standard Keyboard Mapping.
 

Documentation/input/yealink.txt

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ Reading /sys/../lineX will return the format string with its current value:
   888888888888
   Linux Rocks!
 
-Writing to /sys/../lineX will set the coresponding LCD line.
+Writing to /sys/../lineX will set the corresponding LCD line.
  - Excess characters are ignored.
  - If less characters are written than allowed, the remaining digits are
    unchanged.

Documentation/ioctl-number.txt

@@ -191,3 +191,5 @@ Code	Seq#	Include File		Comments
 					<mailto:aherrman@de.ibm.com>
 0xF3	00-3F	video/sisfb.h		sisfb (in development)
 					<mailto:thomas@winischhofer.net>
+0xF4	00-1F	video/mbxfb.h		mbxfb
+					<mailto:raph@8d.com>

Documentation/ioctl/cdrom.txt

@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ CDROM_DISC_STATUS		Get disc type, etc.
 	    Ok, this is where problems start.  The current interface for
 	    the CDROM_DISC_STATUS ioctl is flawed.  It makes the false
 	    assumption that CDs are all CDS_DATA_1 or all CDS_AUDIO, etc.
-	    Unfortunatly, while this is often the case, it is also
+	    Unfortunately, while this is often the case, it is also
 	    very common for CDs to have some tracks with data, and some
 	    tracks with audio.	Just because I feel like it, I declare
 	    the following to be the best way to cope.  If the CD has

Documentation/ioctl/ioctl-decoding.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+To decode a hex IOCTL code:
+
+Most architecures use this generic format, but check
+include/ARCH/ioctl.h for specifics, e.g. powerpc
+uses 3 bits to encode read/write and 13 bits for size.
+
+ bits    meaning
+ 31-30	00 - no parameters: uses _IO macro
+	10 - read: _IOR
+	01 - write: _IOW
+	11 - read/write: _IOWR
+
+ 29-16	size of arguments
+
+ 15-8	ascii character supposedly
+	unique to each driver
+
+ 7-0	function #
+
+
+ So for example 0x82187201 is a read with arg length of 0x218,
+character 'r' function 1. Grepping the source reveals this is:
+
+#define VFAT_IOCTL_READDIR_BOTH         _IOR('r', 1, struct dirent [2])

Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ them. A single configuration option is defined like this:
 
 config MODVERSIONS
 	bool "Set version information on all module symbols"
-	depends MODULES
+	depends on MODULES
 	help
 	  Usually, modules have to be recompiled whenever you switch to a new
 	  kernel.  ...
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ The position of a menu entry in the tree is determined in two ways. First
 it can be specified explicitly:
 
 menu "Network device support"
-	depends NET
+	depends on NET
 
 config NETDEVICES
 	...
@@ -188,10 +188,10 @@ config MODULES
 
 config MODVERSIONS
 	bool "Set version information on all module symbols"
-	depends MODULES
+	depends on MODULES
 
 comment "module support disabled"
-	depends !MODULES
+	depends on !MODULES
 
 MODVERSIONS directly depends on MODULES, this means it's only visible if
 MODULES is different from 'n'. The comment on the other hand is always

Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt

@@ -227,9 +227,9 @@ more details, with real examples.
 	be included in a library, lib.a.
 	All objects listed with lib-y are combined in a single
 	library for that directory.
-	Objects that are listed in obj-y and additionaly listed in
-	lib-y will not be included in the library, since they will anyway
-	be accessible.
+	Objects that are listed in obj-y and additionally listed in
+	lib-y will not be included in the library, since they will
+	be accessible anyway.
 	For consistency, objects listed in lib-m will be included in lib.a.
 
 	Note that the same kbuild makefile may list files to be built-in
@@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ Both possibilities are described in the following.
 	Host programs can be made up based on composite objects.
 	The syntax used to define composite objects for host programs is
 	similar to the syntax used for kernel objects.
-	$(<executeable>-objs) lists all objects used to link the final
+	$(<executable>-objs) lists all objects used to link the final
 	executable.
 
 	Example:
@@ -1022,7 +1022,7 @@ When kbuild executes, the following steps are followed (roughly):
 	In this example, there are two possible targets, requiring different
 	options to the linker. The linker options are specified using the
 	LDFLAGS_$@ syntax - one for each potential target.
-	$(targets) are assinged all potential targets, by which kbuild knows
+	$(targets) are assigned all potential targets, by which kbuild knows
 	the targets and will:
 		1) check for commandline changes
 		2) delete target during make clean

Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt

@@ -548,6 +548,13 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
 	eurwdt=		[HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
 			Format: <io>[,<irq>]
 
+	failslab=
+	fail_page_alloc=
+	fail_make_request=[KNL]
+			General fault injection mechanism.
+			Format: <interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
+			See also /Documentation/fault-injection/.
+
 	fd_mcs=		[HW,SCSI]
 			See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
 
@@ -557,9 +564,6 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
 	floppy=		[HW]
 			See Documentation/floppy.txt.
 
-	ftape=		[HW] Floppy Tape subsystem debugging options.
-			See Documentation/ftape.txt.
-
 	gamecon.map[2|3]=
 			[HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
 			support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
@@ -602,8 +606,6 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
 
 	hugepages=	[HW,IA-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
 
-	noirqbalance	[IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
-
 	i8042.direct	[HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
 	i8042.dumbkbd	[HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from
 			     keyboard and cannot control its state
@@ -653,6 +655,10 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
 	idle=		[HW]
 			Format: idle=poll or idle=halt
 
+	ignore_loglevel	[KNL]
+			Ignore loglevel setting - this will print /all/
+			kernel messages to the console. Useful for debugging.
+
 	ihash_entries=	[KNL]
 			Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
 
@@ -717,7 +723,12 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
 			Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
 
 	isolcpus=	[KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
-			Format: <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
+			Format:
+			<cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
+			or
+			<cpu number>-<cpu number>  (must be a positive range in ascending order)
+			or a mixture
+			<cpu number>,...,<cpu number>-<cpu number>
 			This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
 			to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
 			algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
@@ -1015,6 +1026,10 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
 			emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
 			is present.
 
+	noaliencache	[MM, NUMA] Disables the allcoation of alien caches in
+			the slab allocator.  Saves per-node memory, but will
+			impact performance on real NUMA hardware.
+
 	noalign		[KNL,ARM]
 
 	noapic		[SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
@@ -1055,9 +1070,14 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
 			in certain environments such as networked servers or
 			real-time systems.
 
+	noirqbalance	[IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
+
 	noirqdebug	[IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
 			disable unhandled interrupt sources.
 
+	no_timer_check	[IA-32,X86_64,APIC] Disables the code which tests for
+			broken timer IRQ sources.
+
 	noisapnp	[ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
 
 	noinitrd	[RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
@@ -1288,6 +1308,7 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
 			Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
 			Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
 				statistical time based profiling.
+			Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs)
 
 	processor.max_cstate=	[HW,ACPI]
 			Limit processor to maximum C-state
@@ -1369,6 +1390,12 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
 	resume=		[SWSUSP]
 			Specify the partition device for software suspend
 
+	resume_offset=	[SWSUSP]
+			Specify the offset from the beginning of the partition
+			given by "resume=" at which the swap header is located,
+			in <PAGE_SIZE> units (needed only for swap files).
+			See  Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt
+
 	rhash_entries=	[KNL,NET]
 			Set number of hash buckets for route cache
 
@@ -1419,6 +1446,11 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
 
 	scsi_logging=	[SCSI]
 
+	scsi_mod.scan=	[SCSI] sync (default) scans SCSI busses as they are
+			discovered.  async scans them in kernel threads,
+			allowing boot to proceed.  none ignores them, expecting
+			user space to do the scan.
+
 	selinux		[SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
 			Format: { "0" | "1" }
 			See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
@@ -1624,6 +1656,12 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
 	sym53c416=	[HW,SCSI]
 			See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
 
+	sysrq_always_enabled
+			[KNL]
+			Ignore sysrq setting - this boot parameter will
+			neutralize any effect of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq.
+			Useful for debugging.
+
 	t128=		[HW,SCSI]
 			See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
 
@@ -1676,6 +1714,14 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
 	uart6850=	[HW,OSS]
 			Format: <io>,<irq>
 
+	uhci-hcd.ignore_oc=
+			[USB] Ignore overcurrent events (default N).
+			Some badly-designed motherboards generate lots of
+			bogus events, for ports that aren't wired to
+			anything.  Set this parameter to avoid log spamming.
+			Note that genuine overcurrent events won't be
+			reported either.
+
 	usbhid.mousepoll=
 			[USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
 
@@ -1730,6 +1776,9 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
 	norandmaps	Don't use address space randomization
 			Equivalent to echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
 
+ 	unwind_debug=N 	N > 0 will enable dwarf2 unwinder debugging
+			This is useful to get more information why
+			you got a "dwarf2 unwinder stuck"
 
 ______________________________________________________________________
 

Documentation/keys.txt

@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ about the status of the key service:
 	R	Revoked
 	D	Dead
 	Q	Contributes to user's quota
-	U	Under contruction by callback to userspace
+	U	Under construction by callback to userspace
 	N	Negative key
 
      This file must be enabled at kernel configuration time as it allows anyone

Documentation/laptop-mode.txt

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ contains the following options:
 MAX_AGE:
 
 Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are
-confortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this
+comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this
 amount of work if your battery fails while you're in laptop mode.
 
 MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES:
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ It should be installed as /etc/default/laptop-mode on Debian, and as
 
 --------------------CONFIG FILE BEGIN-------------------------------------------
 # Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are
-# confortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this
+# comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this
 # amount of work if your battery fails you while in laptop mode.
 #MAX_AGE=600
 
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ fi
 # set defaults instead:
 
 # Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are
-# confortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this
+# comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this
 # amount of work if your battery fails you while in laptop mode.
 MAX_AGE=${MAX_AGE:-'600'}
 
@@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ ACPI integration
 Dax Kelson submitted this so that the ACPI acpid daemon will
 kick off the laptop_mode script and run hdparm. The part that
 automatically disables laptop mode when the battery is low was
-writen by Jan Topinski.
+written by Jan Topinski.
 
 -----------------/etc/acpi/events/ac_adapter BEGIN------------------------------
 event=ac_adapter

Documentation/memory-barriers.txt

@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ There are some minimal guarantees that may be expected of a CPU:
 
 	STORE *X = c, d = LOAD *X
 
-     (Loads and stores overlap if they are targetted at overlapping pieces of
+     (Loads and stores overlap if they are targeted at overlapping pieces of
      memory).
 
 And there are a number of things that _must_ or _must_not_ be assumed:

Documentation/networking/00-INDEX

@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@ fore200e.txt
 	- FORE Systems PCA-200E/SBA-200E ATM NIC driver info.
 framerelay.txt
 	- info on using Frame Relay/Data Link Connection Identifier (DLCI).
+generic_netlink.txt
+	- info on Generic Netlink
 ip-sysctl.txt
 	- /proc/sys/net/ipv4/* variables
 ip_dynaddr.txt

Documentation/networking/NAPI_HOWTO.txt

@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ There are two types of event register ACK mechanisms.
 		Move all to dev->poll()
 
 C) Ability to detect new work correctly.
-NAPI works by shutting down event interrupts when theres work and
-turning them on when theres none. 
+NAPI works by shutting down event interrupts when there's work and
+turning them on when there's none. 
 New packets might show up in the small window while interrupts were being 
 re-enabled (refer to appendix 2).  A packet might sneak in during the period 
 we are enabling interrupts. We only get to know about such a packet when the 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ Locking rules and environmental guarantees
 only one CPU can pick the initial interrupt and hence the initial
 netif_rx_schedule(dev);
 - The core layer invokes devices to send packets in a round robin format.
-This implies receive is totaly lockless because of the guarantee only that 
+This implies receive is totally lockless because of the guarantee that only 
 one CPU is executing it.
 -  contention can only be the result of some other CPU accessing the rx
 ring. This happens only in close() and suspend() (when these methods
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ static int my_poll (struct net_device *dev, int *budget)
 			an interrupt will be generated */
                         goto done;
 	}
-	/* done! at least thats what it looks like ;->
+	/* done! at least that's what it looks like ;->
 	if new packets came in after our last check on status bits
 	they'll be caught by the while check and we go back and clear them 
 	since we havent exceeded our quota */
@@ -535,11 +535,11 @@ done:
         * 1. it can race with disabling irqs in irq handler (which are done to 
 	* schedule polls)
         * 2. it can race with dis/enabling irqs in other poll threads
-        * 3. if an irq raised after the begining of the outer  beginning 
-        * loop(marked in the code above), it will be immediately
+        * 3. if an irq raised after the beginning of the outer beginning 
+        * loop (marked in the code above), it will be immediately
         * triggered here.
         *
-        * Summarizing: the logic may results in some redundant irqs both
+        * Summarizing: the logic may result in some redundant irqs both
         * due to races in masking and due to too late acking of already
         * processed irqs. The good news: no events are ever lost.
         */
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ a)
 	
 5) dev->close() and dev->suspend() issues
 ==========================================
-The driver writter neednt worry about this. The top net layer takes
+The driver writer needn't worry about this; the top net layer takes
 care of it.
 
 6) Adding new Stats to /proc 
@@ -622,9 +622,9 @@ FC should be programmed to apply in the case when the system cant pull out
 packets fast enough i.e send a pause only when you run out of rx buffers.
 Note FC in itself is a good solution but we have found it to not be
 much of a commodity feature (both in NICs and switches) and hence falls
-under the same category as using NIC based mitigation. Also experiments
-indicate that its much harder to resolve the resource allocation
-issue (aka lazy receiving that NAPI offers) and hence quantify its usefullness
+under the same category as using NIC based mitigation. Also, experiments
+indicate that it's much harder to resolve the resource allocation
+issue (aka lazy receiving that NAPI offers) and hence quantify its usefulness
 proved harder. In any case, FC works even better with NAPI but is not
 necessary.
 
@@ -678,10 +678,10 @@ routine:
 CSR5 bit of interest is only the rx status. 
 If you look at the last if statement: 
 you just finished grabbing all the packets from the rx ring .. you check if
-status bit says theres more packets just in ... it says none; you then
+status bit says there are more packets just in ... it says none; you then
 enable rx interrupts again; if a new packet just came in during this check,
 we are counting that CSR5 will be set in that small window of opportunity
-and that by re-enabling interrupts, we would actually triger an interrupt
+and that by re-enabling interrupts, we would actually trigger an interrupt
 to register the new packet for processing.
 
 [The above description nay be very verbose, if you have better wording 

Documentation/networking/cs89x0.txt

@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ c) The driver's hardware probe routine is designed to avoid
    with device probing.  To avoid this behaviour, add one
    to the `io=' module parameter.  This doesn't actually change
    the I/O address, but it is a flag to tell the driver
-   topartially initialise the hardware before trying to
+   to partially initialise the hardware before trying to
    identify the card.  This could be dangerous if you are
    not sure that there is a cs89x0 card at the provided address.
 
@@ -620,8 +620,8 @@ I/O Address    	Device                        IRQ      Device
                                                 12       Mouse (PS/2)                              
 Memory Address  Device                          13       Math Coprocessor
 --------------  ---------------------           14       Hard Disk controller
-A000-BFFF	EGA Graphics Adpater
-A000-C7FF	VGA Graphics Adpater
+A000-BFFF	EGA Graphics Adapter
+A000-C7FF	VGA Graphics Adapter
 B000-BFFF	Mono Graphics Adapter
 B800-BFFF	Color Graphics Adapter
 E000-FFFF	AT BIOS

Documentation/networking/dccp.txt

@@ -19,40 +19,92 @@ for real time and multimedia traffic.
 
 It has a base protocol and pluggable congestion control IDs (CCIDs).
 
-It is at draft RFC status and the homepage for DCCP as a protocol is at:
-	http://www.icir.org/kohler/dcp/
+It is at proposed standard RFC status and the homepage for DCCP as a protocol
+is at:
+	http://www.read.cs.ucla.edu/dccp/
 
 Missing features
 ================
 
 The DCCP implementation does not currently have all the features that are in
-the draft RFC.
+the RFC.
 
-In particular the following are missing:
-- CCID2 support
-- feature negotiation
-
-When testing against other implementations it appears that elapsed time
-options are not coded compliant to the specification.
+The known bugs are at:
+	http://linux-net.osdl.org/index.php/TODO#DCCP
 
 Socket options
 ==============
 
-DCCP_SOCKOPT_PACKET_SIZE is used for CCID3 to set default packet size for
-calculations.
-
 DCCP_SOCKOPT_SERVICE sets the service. The specification mandates use of
 service codes (RFC 4340, sec. 8.1.2); if this socket option is not set,
 the socket will fall back to 0 (which means that no meaningful service code
 is present). Connecting sockets set at most one service option; for
 listening sockets, multiple service codes can be specified.
 
+DCCP_SOCKOPT_SEND_CSCOV and DCCP_SOCKOPT_RECV_CSCOV are used for setting the
+partial checksum coverage (RFC 4340, sec. 9.2). The default is that checksums
+always cover the entire packet and that only fully covered application data is
+accepted by the receiver. Hence, when using this feature on the sender, it must
+be enabled at the receiver, too with suitable choice of CsCov.
+
+DCCP_SOCKOPT_SEND_CSCOV sets the sender checksum coverage. Values in the
+	range 0..15 are acceptable. The default setting is 0 (full coverage),
+	values between 1..15 indicate partial coverage.
+DCCP_SOCKOPT_SEND_CSCOV is for the receiver and has a different meaning: it
+	sets a threshold, where again values 0..15 are acceptable. The default
+	of 0 means that all packets with a partial coverage will be discarded.
+	Values in the range 1..15 indicate that packets with minimally such a
+	coverage value are also acceptable. The higher the number, the more
+	restrictive this setting (see [RFC 4340, sec. 9.2.1]).
+
+Sysctl variables
+================
+Several DCCP default parameters can be managed by the following sysctls
+(sysctl net.dccp.default or /proc/sys/net/dccp/default):
+
+request_retries
+	The number of active connection initiation retries (the number of
+	Requests minus one) before timing out. In addition, it also governs
+	the behaviour of the other, passive side: this variable also sets
+	the number of times DCCP repeats sending a Response when the initial
+	handshake does not progress from RESPOND to OPEN (i.e. when no Ack
+	is received after the initial Request).  This value should be greater
+	than 0, suggested is less than 10. Analogue of tcp_syn_retries.
+
+retries1
+	How often a DCCP Response is retransmitted until the listening DCCP
+	side considers its connecting peer dead. Analogue of tcp_retries1.
+
+retries2
+	The number of times a general DCCP packet is retransmitted. This has
+	importance for retransmitted acknowledgments and feature negotiation,
+	data packets are never retransmitted. Analogue of tcp_retries2.
+
+send_ndp = 1
+	Whether or not to send NDP count options (sec. 7.7.2).
+
+send_ackvec = 1
+	Whether or not to send Ack Vector options (sec. 11.5).
+
+ack_ratio = 2
+	The default Ack Ratio (sec. 11.3) to use.
+
+tx_ccid = 2
+	Default CCID for the sender-receiver half-connection.
+
+rx_ccid = 2
+	Default CCID for the receiver-sender half-connection.
+
+seq_window = 100
+	The initial sequence window (sec. 7.5.2).
+
+tx_qlen = 5
+	The size of the transmit buffer in packets. A value of 0 corresponds
+	to an unbounded transmit buffer.
+
 Notes
 =====
 
-SELinux does not yet have support for DCCP. You will need to turn it off or
-else you will get EACCES.
-
-DCCP does not travel through NAT successfully at present. This is because
-the checksum covers the psuedo-header as per TCP and UDP. It should be
-relatively trivial to add Linux NAT support for DCCP.
+DCCP does not travel through NAT successfully at present on many boxes. This is
+because the checksum covers the psuedo-header as per TCP and UDP. Linux NAT
+support for DCCP has been added.

Documentation/networking/e1000.txt

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 Linux* Base Driver for the Intel(R) PRO/1000 Family of Adapters
 ===============================================================
 
-November 15, 2005
+September 26, 2006
 
 
 Contents
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ Contents
 
 - In This Release
 - Identifying Your Adapter
+- Building and Installation
 - Command Line Parameters
 - Speed and Duplex Configuration
 - Additional Configurations
@@ -41,6 +42,9 @@ or later), lspci, and ifconfig to obtain the same information.
 Instructions on updating ethtool can be found in the section "Additional
 Configurations" later in this document.
 
+NOTE: The Intel(R) 82562v 10/100 Network Connection only provides 10/100
+support.
+
 
 Identifying Your Adapter
 ========================
@@ -51,28 +55,27 @@ Driver ID Guide at:
     http://support.intel.com/support/network/adapter/pro100/21397.htm
 
 For the latest Intel network drivers for Linux, refer to the following
-website. In the search field, enter your adapter name or type, or use the
+website.  In the search field, enter your adapter name or type, or use the
 networking link on the left to search for your adapter:
 
     http://downloadfinder.intel.com/scripts-df/support_intel.asp
 
 
-Command Line Parameters =======================
+Command Line Parameters
+=======================
 
 If the driver is built as a module, the  following optional parameters
-are used by entering them on the command line with the modprobe or insmod
-command using this syntax:
+are used by entering them on the command line with the modprobe command
+using this syntax:
 
      modprobe e1000 [<option>=<VAL1>,<VAL2>,...]
 
-     insmod e1000 [<option>=<VAL1>,<VAL2>,...]
-
 For example, with two PRO/1000 PCI adapters, entering:
 
-     insmod e1000 TxDescriptors=80,128
+     modprobe e1000 TxDescriptors=80,128
 
-loads the e1000 driver with 80 TX descriptors for the first adapter and 128
-TX descriptors for the second adapter.
+loads the e1000 driver with 80 TX descriptors for the first adapter and
+128 TX descriptors for the second adapter.
 
 The default value for each parameter is generally the recommended setting,
 unless otherwise noted.
@@ -87,7 +90,7 @@ NOTES:  For more information about the AutoNeg, Duplex, and Speed
         http://www.intel.com/design/network/applnots/ap450.htm
 
         A descriptor describes a data buffer and attributes related to
-        the data buffer. This information is accessed by the hardware.
+        the data buffer.  This information is accessed by the hardware.
 
 
 AutoNeg
@@ -96,9 +99,9 @@ AutoNeg
 Valid Range:   0x01-0x0F, 0x20-0x2F
 Default Value: 0x2F
 
-This parameter is a bit mask that specifies which speed and duplex
-settings the board advertises. When this parameter is used, the Speed
-and Duplex parameters must not be specified.
+This parameter is a bit-mask that specifies the speed and duplex settings
+advertised by the adapter.  When this parameter is used, the Speed and
+Duplex parameters must not be specified.
 
 NOTE:  Refer to the Speed and Duplex section of this readme for more
        information on the AutoNeg parameter.
@@ -110,14 +113,15 @@ Duplex
 Valid Range:   0-2 (0=auto-negotiate, 1=half, 2=full)
 Default Value: 0
 
-Defines the direction in which data is allowed to flow. Can be either
-one or two-directional. If both Duplex and the link partner are set to
-auto-negotiate, the board auto-detects the correct duplex. If the link
-partner is forced (either full or half), Duplex defaults to half-duplex.
+This defines the direction in which data is allowed to flow.  Can be
+either one or two-directional.  If both Duplex and the link partner are
+set to auto-negotiate, the board auto-detects the correct duplex.  If the
+link partner is forced (either full or half), Duplex defaults to half-
+duplex.
 
 
 FlowControl
-----------
+-----------
 Valid Range:   0-3 (0=none, 1=Rx only, 2=Tx only, 3=Rx&Tx)
 Default Value: Reads flow control settings from the EEPROM
 
@@ -127,57 +131,107 @@ to Ethernet PAUSE frames.
 
 InterruptThrottleRate
 ---------------------
-(not supported on Intel 82542, 82543 or 82544-based adapters)
-Valid Range:   100-100000 (0=off, 1=dynamic)
-Default Value: 8000
+(not supported on Intel(R) 82542, 82543 or 82544-based adapters)
+Valid Range:   0,1,3,100-100000 (0=off, 1=dynamic, 3=dynamic conservative)
+Default Value: 3
 
-This value represents the maximum number of interrupts per second the
-controller generates. InterruptThrottleRate is another setting used in
-interrupt moderation. Dynamic mode uses a heuristic algorithm to adjust
-InterruptThrottleRate based on the current traffic load.
+The driver can limit the amount of interrupts per second that the adapter
+will generate for incoming packets. It does this by writing a value to the 
+adapter that is based on the maximum amount of interrupts that the adapter 
+will generate per second.
+
+Setting InterruptThrottleRate to a value greater or equal to 100
+will program the adapter to send out a maximum of that many interrupts
+per second, even if more packets have come in. This reduces interrupt
+load on the system and can lower CPU utilization under heavy load,
+but will increase latency as packets are not processed as quickly.
+
+The default behaviour of the driver previously assumed a static 
+InterruptThrottleRate value of 8000, providing a good fallback value for 
+all traffic types,but lacking in small packet performance and latency. 
+The hardware can handle many more small packets per second however, and 
+for this reason an adaptive interrupt moderation algorithm was implemented.
+
+Since 7.3.x, the driver has two adaptive modes (setting 1 or 3) in which
+it dynamically adjusts the InterruptThrottleRate value based on the traffic 
+that it receives. After determining the type of incoming traffic in the last
+timeframe, it will adjust the InterruptThrottleRate to an appropriate value 
+for that traffic.
+
+The algorithm classifies the incoming traffic every interval into
+classes.  Once the class is determined, the InterruptThrottleRate value is 
+adjusted to suit that traffic type the best. There are three classes defined: 
+"Bulk traffic", for large amounts of packets of normal size; "Low latency",
+for small amounts of traffic and/or a significant percentage of small
+packets; and "Lowest latency", for almost completely small packets or 
+minimal traffic.
+
+In dynamic conservative mode, the InterruptThrottleRate value is set to 4000 
+for traffic that falls in class "Bulk traffic". If traffic falls in the "Low 
+latency" or "Lowest latency" class, the InterruptThrottleRate is increased 
+stepwise to 20000. This default mode is suitable for most applications.
+
+For situations where low latency is vital such as cluster or
+grid computing, the algorithm can reduce latency even more when
+InterruptThrottleRate is set to mode 1. In this mode, which operates
+the same as mode 3, the InterruptThrottleRate will be increased stepwise to 
+70000 for traffic in class "Lowest latency".
+
+Setting InterruptThrottleRate to 0 turns off any interrupt moderation
+and may improve small packet latency, but is generally not suitable
+for bulk throughput traffic.
 
 NOTE:  InterruptThrottleRate takes precedence over the TxAbsIntDelay and
-       RxAbsIntDelay parameters. In other words, minimizing the receive
+       RxAbsIntDelay parameters.  In other words, minimizing the receive
        and/or transmit absolute delays does not force the controller to
        generate more interrupts than what the Interrupt Throttle Rate
        allows.
 
-CAUTION:  If you are using the Intel PRO/1000 CT Network Connection
+CAUTION:  If you are using the Intel(R) PRO/1000 CT Network Connection
           (controller 82547), setting InterruptThrottleRate to a value
           greater than 75,000, may hang (stop transmitting) adapters
-          under certain network conditions. If this occurs a NETDEV
-          WATCHDOG message is logged in the system event log. In
+          under certain network conditions.  If this occurs a NETDEV
+          WATCHDOG message is logged in the system event log.  In
           addition, the controller is automatically reset, restoring
-          the network connection. To eliminate the potential for the
+          the network connection.  To eliminate the potential for the
           hang, ensure that InterruptThrottleRate is set no greater
           than 75,000 and is not set to 0.
 
 NOTE:  When e1000 is loaded with default settings and multiple adapters
        are in use simultaneously, the CPU utilization may increase non-
-       linearly. In order to limit the CPU utilization without impacting
+       linearly.  In order to limit the CPU utilization without impacting
        the overall throughput, we recommend that you load the driver as
        follows:
 
-           insmod e1000.o InterruptThrottleRate=3000,3000,3000
+           modprobe e1000 InterruptThrottleRate=3000,3000,3000
 
        This sets the InterruptThrottleRate to 3000 interrupts/sec for
-       the first, second, and third instances of the driver. The range
+       the first, second, and third instances of the driver.  The range
        of 2000 to 3000 interrupts per second works on a majority of
        systems and is a good starting point, but the optimal value will
-       be platform-specific. If CPU utilization is not a concern, use
+       be platform-specific.  If CPU utilization is not a concern, use
        RX_POLLING (NAPI) and default driver settings.
 
 
+
 RxDescriptors
 -------------
 Valid Range:   80-256 for 82542 and 82543-based adapters
                80-4096 for all other supported adapters
 Default Value: 256
 
-This value specifies the number of receive descriptors allocated by the
-driver. Increasing this value allows the driver to buffer more incoming
-packets.  Each descriptor is 16 bytes.  A receive buffer is also
-allocated for each descriptor and is 2048.
+This value specifies the number of receive buffer descriptors allocated
+by the driver.  Increasing this value allows the driver to buffer more
+incoming packets, at the expense of increased system memory utilization.
+
+Each descriptor is 16 bytes.  A receive buffer is also allocated for each
+descriptor and can be either 2048, 4096, 8192, or 16384 bytes, depending 
+on the MTU setting. The maximum MTU size is 16110.
+
+NOTE:  MTU designates the frame size.  It only needs to be set for Jumbo 
+       Frames.  Depending on the available system resources, the request 
+       for a higher number of receive descriptors may be denied.  In this 
+       case, use a lower number.
 
 
 RxIntDelay
@@ -187,17 +241,17 @@ Default Value: 0
 
 This value delays the generation of receive interrupts in units of 1.024
 microseconds.  Receive interrupt reduction can improve CPU efficiency if
-properly tuned for specific network traffic. Increasing this value adds
+properly tuned for specific network traffic.  Increasing this value adds
 extra latency to frame reception and can end up decreasing the throughput
-of TCP traffic. If the system is reporting dropped receives, this value
+of TCP traffic.  If the system is reporting dropped receives, this value
 may be set too high, causing the driver to run out of available receive
 descriptors.
 
 CAUTION:  When setting RxIntDelay to a value other than 0, adapters may
-          hang (stop transmitting) under certain network conditions. If
+          hang (stop transmitting) under certain network conditions.  If
           this occurs a NETDEV WATCHDOG message is logged in the system
-          event log. In addition, the controller is automatically reset,
-          restoring the network connection. To eliminate the potential
+          event log.  In addition, the controller is automatically reset,
+          restoring the network connection.  To eliminate the potential
           for the hang ensure that RxIntDelay is set to 0.
 
 
@@ -208,7 +262,7 @@ Valid Range:   0-65535 (0=off)
 Default Value: 128
 
 This value, in units of 1.024 microseconds, limits the delay in which a
-receive interrupt is generated. Useful only if RxIntDelay is non-zero,
+receive interrupt is generated.  Useful only if RxIntDelay is non-zero,
 this value ensures that an interrupt is generated after the initial
 packet is received within the set amount of time.  Proper tuning,
 along with RxIntDelay, may improve traffic throughput in specific network
@@ -222,9 +276,9 @@ Valid Settings: 0, 10, 100, 1000
 Default Value:  0 (auto-negotiate at all supported speeds)
 
 Speed forces the line speed to the specified value in megabits per second
-(Mbps). If this parameter is not specified or is set to 0 and the link
+(Mbps).  If this parameter is not specified or is set to 0 and the link
 partner is set to auto-negotiate, the board will auto-detect the correct
-speed. Duplex should also be set when Speed is set to either 10 or 100.
+speed.  Duplex should also be set when Speed is set to either 10 or 100.
 
 
 TxDescriptors
@@ -234,7 +288,7 @@ Valid Range:   80-256 for 82542 and 82543-based adapters
 Default Value: 256
 
 This value is the number of transmit descriptors allocated by the driver.
-Increasing this value allows the driver to queue more transmits. Each
+Increasing this value allows the driver to queue more transmits.  Each
 descriptor is 16 bytes.
 
 NOTE:  Depending on the available system resources, the request for a
@@ -248,8 +302,8 @@ Valid Range:   0-65535 (0=off)
 Default Value: 64
 
 This value delays the generation of transmit interrupts in units of
-1.024 microseconds. Transmit interrupt reduction can improve CPU
-efficiency if properly tuned for specific network traffic. If the
+1.024 microseconds.  Transmit interrupt reduction can improve CPU
+efficiency if properly tuned for specific network traffic.  If the
 system is reporting dropped transmits, this value may be set too high
 causing the driver to run out of available transmit descriptors.
 
@@ -261,7 +315,7 @@ Valid Range:   0-65535 (0=off)
 Default Value: 64
 
 This value, in units of 1.024 microseconds, limits the delay in which a
-transmit interrupt is generated. Useful only if TxIntDelay is non-zero,
+transmit interrupt is generated.  Useful only if TxIntDelay is non-zero,
 this value ensures that an interrupt is generated after the initial
 packet is sent on the wire within the set amount of time.  Proper tuning,
 along with TxIntDelay, may improve traffic throughput in specific
@@ -288,15 +342,15 @@ fiber interface board only links at 1000 Mbps full-duplex.
 
 For copper-based boards, the keywords interact as follows:
 
-  The default operation is auto-negotiate. The board advertises all
+  The default operation is auto-negotiate.  The board advertises all
   supported speed and duplex combinations, and it links at the highest
   common speed and duplex mode IF the link partner is set to auto-negotiate.
 
   If Speed = 1000, limited auto-negotiation is enabled and only 1000 Mbps
   is advertised (The 1000BaseT spec requires auto-negotiation.)
 
-  If Speed = 10 or 100, then both Speed and Duplex should be set. Auto-
-  negotiation is disabled, and the AutoNeg parameter is ignored. Partner
+  If Speed = 10 or 100, then both Speed and Duplex should be set.  Auto-
+  negotiation is disabled, and the AutoNeg parameter is ignored.  Partner
   SHOULD also be forced.
 
 The AutoNeg parameter is used when more control is required over the
@@ -304,7 +358,7 @@ auto-negotiation process.  It should be used when you wish to control which
 speed and duplex combinations are advertised during the auto-negotiation
 process.
 
-The parameter may be specified as either a decimal or hexidecimal value as
+The parameter may be specified as either a decimal or hexadecimal value as
 determined by the bitmap below.
 
 Bit position   7      6      5       4       3      2      1       0
@@ -337,20 +391,19 @@ Additional Configurations
 
   Configuring the Driver on Different Distributions
   -------------------------------------------------
-
   Configuring a network driver to load properly when the system is started
-  is distribution dependent. Typically, the configuration process involves
+  is distribution dependent.  Typically, the configuration process involves
   adding an alias line to /etc/modules.conf or /etc/modprobe.conf as well
-  as editing other system startup scripts and/or configuration files. Many
+  as editing other system startup scripts and/or configuration files.  Many
   popular Linux distributions ship with tools to make these changes for you.
   To learn the proper way to configure a network device for your system,
-  refer to your distribution documentation. If during this process you are
+  refer to your distribution documentation.  If during this process you are
   asked for the driver or module name, the name for the Linux Base Driver
-  for the Intel PRO/1000 Family of Adapters is e1000.
+  for the Intel(R) PRO/1000 Family of Adapters is e1000.
 
   As an example, if you install the e1000 driver for two PRO/1000 adapters
   (eth0 and eth1) and set the speed and duplex to 10full and 100half, add
-  the following to modules.conf or modprobe.conf:
+  the following to modules.conf or or modprobe.conf:
 
        alias eth0 e1000
        alias eth1 e1000
@@ -358,9 +411,8 @@ Additional Configurations
 
   Viewing Link Messages
   ---------------------
-
   Link messages will not be displayed to the console if the distribution is
-  restricting system messages. In order to see network driver link messages
+  restricting system messages.  In order to see network driver link messages
   on your console, set dmesg to eight by entering the following:
 
        dmesg -n 8
@@ -369,11 +421,9 @@ Additional Configurations
 
   Jumbo Frames
   ------------
-
-  The driver supports Jumbo Frames for all adapters except 82542 and
-  82573-based adapters. Jumbo Frames support is enabled by changing the
-  MTU to a value larger than the default of 1500. Use the ifconfig command
-  to increase the MTU size. For example:
+  Jumbo Frames support is enabled by changing the MTU to a value larger than
+  the default of 1500.  Use the ifconfig command to increase the MTU size.
+  For example:
 
        ifconfig eth<x> mtu 9000 up
 
@@ -390,26 +440,49 @@ Additional Configurations
 
   - To enable Jumbo Frames, increase the MTU size on the interface beyond
     1500.
-  - The maximum MTU setting for Jumbo Frames is 16110. This value coincides
+
+  - The maximum MTU setting for Jumbo Frames is 16110.  This value coincides
     with the maximum Jumbo Frames size of 16128.
+
   - Using Jumbo Frames at 10 or 100 Mbps may result in poor performance or
     loss of link.
+
   - Some Intel gigabit adapters that support Jumbo Frames have a frame size
     limit of 9238 bytes, with a corresponding MTU size limit of 9216 bytes.
-    The adapters with this limitation are based on the Intel 82571EB and
-    82572EI controllers, which correspond to these product names:
-     Intel® PRO/1000 PT Dual Port Server Adapter
-     Intel® PRO/1000 PF Dual Port Server Adapter
-     Intel® PRO/1000 PT Server Adapter
-     Intel® PRO/1000 PT Desktop Adapter
-     Intel® PRO/1000 PF Server Adapter
+    The adapters with this limitation are based on the Intel(R) 82571EB,
+    82572EI, 82573L and 80003ES2LAN controller.  These correspond to the
+    following product names:
+     Intel(R) PRO/1000 PT Server Adapter
+     Intel(R) PRO/1000 PT Desktop Adapter
+     Intel(R) PRO/1000 PT Network Connection
+     Intel(R) PRO/1000 PT Dual Port Server Adapter
+     Intel(R) PRO/1000 PT Dual Port Network Connection
+     Intel(R) PRO/1000 PF Server Adapter
+     Intel(R) PRO/1000 PF Network Connection
+     Intel(R) PRO/1000 PF Dual Port Server Adapter
+     Intel(R) PRO/1000 PB Server Connection
+     Intel(R) PRO/1000 PL Network Connection
+     Intel(R) PRO/1000 EB Network Connection with I/O Acceleration
+     Intel(R) PRO/1000 EB Backplane Connection with I/O Acceleration
+     Intel(R) PRO/1000 PT Quad Port Server Adapter
 
-  - The Intel PRO/1000 PM Network Connection does not support jumbo frames.
+  - Adapters based on the Intel(R) 82542 and 82573V/E controller do not
+    support Jumbo Frames. These correspond to the following product names:
+     Intel(R) PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter
+     Intel(R) PRO/1000 PM Network Connection
+
+  - The following adapters do not support Jumbo Frames:
+     Intel(R) 82562V 10/100 Network Connection
+     Intel(R) 82566DM Gigabit Network Connection
+     Intel(R) 82566DC Gigabit Network Connection
+     Intel(R) 82566MM Gigabit Network Connection
+     Intel(R) 82566MC Gigabit Network Connection
+     Intel(R) 82562GT 10/100 Network Connection
+     Intel(R) 82562G 10/100 Network Connection
 
 
   Ethtool
   -------
-
   The driver utilizes the ethtool interface for driver configuration and
   diagnostics, as well as displaying statistical information.  Ethtool
   version 1.6 or later is required for this functionality.
@@ -417,15 +490,14 @@ Additional Configurations
   The latest release of ethtool can be found from
   http://sourceforge.net/projects/gkernel.
 
-  NOTE: Ethtool 1.6 only supports a limited set of ethtool options. Support
+  NOTE: Ethtool 1.6 only supports a limited set of ethtool options.  Support
   for a more complete ethtool feature set can be enabled by upgrading
   ethtool to ethtool-1.8.1.
 
   Enabling Wake on LAN* (WoL)
   ---------------------------
-
-  WoL is configured through the Ethtool* utility. Ethtool is included with
-  all versions of Red Hat after Red Hat 7.2. For other Linux distributions,
+  WoL is configured through the Ethtool* utility.  Ethtool is included with
+  all versions of Red Hat after Red Hat 7.2.  For other Linux distributions,
   download and install Ethtool from the following website:
   http://sourceforge.net/projects/gkernel.
 
@@ -436,11 +508,17 @@ Additional Configurations
   For this driver version, in order to enable WoL, the e1000 driver must be
   loaded when shutting down or rebooting the system.
 
+  Wake On LAN is only supported on port A for the following devices:
+  Intel(R) PRO/1000 PT Dual Port Network Connection
+  Intel(R) PRO/1000 PT Dual Port Server Connection
+  Intel(R) PRO/1000 PT Dual Port Server Adapter
+  Intel(R) PRO/1000 PF Dual Port Server Adapter
+  Intel(R) PRO/1000 PT Quad Port Server Adapter 
+
   NAPI
   ----
-
-  NAPI (Rx polling mode) is supported in the e1000 driver. NAPI is enabled
-  or disabled based on the configuration of the kernel. To override
+  NAPI (Rx polling mode) is supported in the e1000 driver.  NAPI is enabled
+  or disabled based on the configuration of the kernel.  To override
   the default, use the following compile-time flags.
 
   To enable NAPI, compile the driver module, passing in a configuration option:
@@ -457,88 +535,105 @@ Additional Configurations
 Known Issues
 ============
 
-  Jumbo Frames System Requirement
-  -------------------------------
+Dropped Receive Packets on Half-duplex 10/100 Networks
+------------------------------------------------------
+If you have an Intel PCI Express adapter running at 10mbps or 100mbps, half-
+duplex, you may observe occasional dropped receive packets.  There are no
+workarounds for this problem in this network configuration.  The network must
+be updated to operate in full-duplex, and/or 1000mbps only.
 
-  Memory allocation failures have been observed on Linux systems with 64 MB
-  of RAM or less that are running Jumbo Frames. If you are using Jumbo
-  Frames, your system may require more than the advertised minimum
-  requirement of 64 MB of system memory.
+Jumbo Frames System Requirement
+-------------------------------
+Memory allocation failures have been observed on Linux systems with 64 MB
+of RAM or less that are running Jumbo Frames.  If you are using Jumbo
+Frames, your system may require more than the advertised minimum
+requirement of 64 MB of system memory.
 
-  Performance Degradation with Jumbo Frames
-  -----------------------------------------
+Performance Degradation with Jumbo Frames
+-----------------------------------------
+Degradation in throughput performance may be observed in some Jumbo frames
+environments.  If this is observed, increasing the application's socket
+buffer size and/or increasing the /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_*mem entry values
+may help.  See the specific application manual and
+/usr/src/linux*/Documentation/
+networking/ip-sysctl.txt for more details.
 
-  Degradation in throughput performance may be observed in some Jumbo frames
-  environments. If this is observed, increasing the application's socket
-  buffer size and/or increasing the /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_*mem entry values
-  may help. See the specific application manual and
-  /usr/src/linux*/Documentation/
-  networking/ip-sysctl.txt for more details.
+Jumbo Frames on Foundry BigIron 8000 switch
+-------------------------------------------
+There is a known issue using Jumbo frames when connected to a Foundry
+BigIron 8000 switch.  This is a 3rd party limitation.  If you experience
+loss of packets, lower the MTU size.
 
-  Jumbo frames on Foundry BigIron 8000 switch
-  -------------------------------------------
-  There is a known issue using Jumbo frames when connected to a Foundry
-  BigIron 8000 switch. This is a 3rd party limitation. If you experience
-  loss of packets, lower the MTU size.
+Allocating Rx Buffers when Using Jumbo Frames 
+---------------------------------------------
+Allocating Rx buffers when using Jumbo Frames on 2.6.x kernels may fail if 
+the available memory is heavily fragmented. This issue may be seen with PCI-X 
+adapters or with packet split disabled. This can be reduced or eliminated 
+by changing the amount of available memory for receive buffer allocation, by
+increasing /proc/sys/vm/min_free_kbytes. 
 
-  Multiple Interfaces on Same Ethernet Broadcast Network
-  ------------------------------------------------------
+Multiple Interfaces on Same Ethernet Broadcast Network
+------------------------------------------------------
+Due to the default ARP behavior on Linux, it is not possible to have
+one system on two IP networks in the same Ethernet broadcast domain
+(non-partitioned switch) behave as expected.  All Ethernet interfaces
+will respond to IP traffic for any IP address assigned to the system.
+This results in unbalanced receive traffic.
 
-  Due to the default ARP behavior on Linux, it is not possible to have
-  one system on two IP networks in the same Ethernet broadcast domain
-  (non-partitioned switch) behave as expected. All Ethernet interfaces
-  will respond to IP traffic for any IP address assigned to the system.
-  This results in unbalanced receive traffic.
+If you have multiple interfaces in a server, either turn on ARP
+filtering by entering:
 
-  If you have multiple interfaces in a server, either turn on ARP
-  filtering by entering:
+    echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_filter
+(this only works if your kernel's version is higher than 2.4.5),
 
-      echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_filter
-  (this only works if your kernel's version is higher than 2.4.5),
+NOTE: This setting is not saved across reboots.  The configuration
+change can be made permanent by adding the line:
+    net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter = 1
+to the file /etc/sysctl.conf
 
-  NOTE: This setting is not saved across reboots. The configuration
-  change can be made permanent by adding the line:
-      net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter = 1
-  to the file /etc/sysctl.conf
+      or,
 
-        or,
+install the interfaces in separate broadcast domains (either in
+different switches or in a switch partitioned to VLANs).
 
-  install the interfaces in separate broadcast domains (either in
-  different switches or in a switch partitioned to VLANs).
+82541/82547 can't link or are slow to link with some link partners
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+There is a known compatibility issue with 82541/82547 and some
+low-end switches where the link will not be established, or will
+be slow to establish.  In particular, these switches are known to
+be incompatible with 82541/82547:
 
-  82541/82547 can't link or are slow to link with some link partners
-  -----------------------------------------------------------------
+    Planex FXG-08TE
+    I-O Data ETG-SH8
 
-  There is a known compatibility issue with 82541/82547 and some
-  low-end switches where the link will not be established, or will
-  be slow to establish.  In particular, these switches are known to
-  be incompatible with 82541/82547:
+To workaround this issue, the driver can be compiled with an override
+of the PHY's master/slave setting.  Forcing master or forcing slave
+mode will improve time-to-link.
 
-      Planex FXG-08TE
-      I-O Data ETG-SH8
+    # make CFLAGS_EXTRA=-DE1000_MASTER_SLAVE=<n>
 
-  To workaround this issue, the driver can be compiled with an override
-  of the PHY's master/slave setting.  Forcing master or forcing slave
-  mode will improve time-to-link.
+Where <n> is:
 
-      # make EXTRA_CFLAGS=-DE1000_MASTER_SLAVE=<n>
+    0 = Hardware default
+    1 = Master mode
+    2 = Slave mode
+    3 = Auto master/slave
 
-  Where <n> is:
+Disable rx flow control with ethtool
+------------------------------------
+In order to disable receive flow control using ethtool, you must turn
+off auto-negotiation on the same command line.
 
-      0 = Hardware default
-      1 = Master mode
-      2 = Slave mode
-      3 = Auto master/slave
+For example:
 
-  Disable rx flow control with ethtool
-  ------------------------------------
+   ethtool -A eth? autoneg off rx off
 
-  In order to disable receive flow control using ethtool, you must turn
-  off auto-negotiation on the same command line.
-
-  For example:
-
-     ethtool -A eth? autoneg off rx off
+Unplugging network cable while ethtool -p is running
+----------------------------------------------------
+In kernel versions 2.5.50 and later (including 2.6 kernel), unplugging
+the network cable while ethtool -p is running will cause the system to
+become unresponsive to keyboard commands, except for control-alt-delete.
+Restarting the system appears to be the only remedy.
 
 
 Support
@@ -548,24 +643,10 @@ For general information, go to the Intel support website at:
 
     http://support.intel.com
 
-    or the Intel Wired Networking project hosted by Sourceforge at:
+or the Intel Wired Networking project hosted by Sourceforge at:
 
     http://sourceforge.net/projects/e1000
 
 If an issue is identified with the released source code on the supported
 kernel with a supported adapter, email the specific information related
-to the issue to e1000-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
-
-
-License
-=======
-
-This software program is released under the terms of a license agreement
-between you ('Licensee') and Intel. Do not use or load this software or any
-associated materials (collectively, the 'Software') until you have carefully
-read the full terms and conditions of the file COPYING located in this software
-package. By loading or using the Software, you agree to the terms of this
-Agreement. If you do not agree with the terms of this Agreement, do not
-install or use the Software.
-
-* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
+to the issue to e1000-devel@lists.sf.net

Documentation/networking/generic_netlink.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+A wiki document on how to use Generic Netlink can be found here:
+
+ * http://linux-net.osdl.org/index.php/Generic_Netlink_HOWTO

Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt

@@ -101,6 +101,11 @@ inet_peer_gc_maxtime - INTEGER
 
 TCP variables: 
 
+somaxconn - INTEGER
+	Limit of socket listen() backlog, known in userspace as SOMAXCONN.
+	Defaults to 128.  See also tcp_max_syn_backlog for additional tuning
+	for TCP sockets.
+
 tcp_abc - INTEGER
 	Controls Appropriate Byte Count (ABC) defined in RFC3465.
 	ABC is a way of increasing congestion window (cwnd) more slowly
@@ -112,15 +117,68 @@ tcp_abc - INTEGER
 		  of two segments to compensate for delayed acknowledgments.
 	Default: 0 (off)
 
-tcp_syn_retries - INTEGER
-	Number of times initial SYNs for an active TCP connection attempt
-	will be retransmitted. Should not be higher than 255. Default value
-	is 5, which corresponds to ~180seconds.
+tcp_abort_on_overflow - BOOLEAN
+	If listening service is too slow to accept new connections,
+	reset them. Default state is FALSE. It means that if overflow
+	occurred due to a burst, connection will recover. Enable this
+	option _only_ if you are really sure that listening daemon
+	cannot be tuned to accept connections faster. Enabling this
+	option can harm clients of your server.
 
-tcp_synack_retries - INTEGER
-	Number of times SYNACKs for a passive TCP connection attempt will
-	be retransmitted. Should not be higher than 255. Default value
-	is 5, which corresponds to ~180seconds.
+tcp_adv_win_scale - INTEGER
+	Count buffering overhead as bytes/2^tcp_adv_win_scale
+	(if tcp_adv_win_scale > 0) or bytes-bytes/2^(-tcp_adv_win_scale),
+	if it is <= 0.
+	Default: 2
+
+tcp_allowed_congestion_control - STRING
+	Show/set the congestion control choices available to non-privileged
+	processes. The list is a subset of those listed in
+	tcp_available_congestion_control.
+	Default is "reno" and the default setting (tcp_congestion_control).
+
+tcp_app_win - INTEGER
+	Reserve max(window/2^tcp_app_win, mss) of window for application
+	buffer. Value 0 is special, it means that nothing is reserved.
+	Default: 31
+
+tcp_available_congestion_control - STRING
+	Shows the available congestion control choices that are registered.
+	More congestion control algorithms may be available as modules,
+	but not loaded.
+
+tcp_congestion_control - STRING
+	Set the congestion control algorithm to be used for new
+	connections. The algorithm "reno" is always available, but
+	additional choices may be available based on kernel configuration.
+	Default is set as part of kernel configuration.
+
+tcp_dsack - BOOLEAN
+	Allows TCP to send "duplicate" SACKs.
+
+tcp_ecn - BOOLEAN
+	Enable Explicit Congestion Notification in TCP.
+
+tcp_fack - BOOLEAN
+	Enable FACK congestion avoidance and fast retransmission.
+	The value is not used, if tcp_sack is not enabled.
+
+tcp_fin_timeout - INTEGER
+	Time to hold socket in state FIN-WAIT-2, if it was closed
+	by our side. Peer can be broken and never close its side,
+	or even died unexpectedly. Default value is 60sec.
+	Usual value used in 2.2 was 180 seconds, you may restore
+	it, but remember that if your machine is even underloaded WEB server,
+	you risk to overflow memory with kilotons of dead sockets,
+	FIN-WAIT-2 sockets are less dangerous than FIN-WAIT-1,
+	because they eat maximum 1.5K of memory, but they tend
+	to live longer.	Cf. tcp_max_orphans.
+
+tcp_frto - BOOLEAN
+	Enables F-RTO, an enhanced recovery algorithm for TCP retransmission
+	timeouts.  It is particularly beneficial in wireless environments
+	where packet loss is typically due to random radio interference
+	rather than intermediate router congestion.
 
 tcp_keepalive_time - INTEGER
 	How often TCP sends out keepalive messages when keepalive is enabled.
@@ -136,54 +194,13 @@ tcp_keepalive_intvl - INTEGER
 	after probes started. Default value: 75sec i.e. connection
 	will be aborted after ~11 minutes of retries.
 
-tcp_retries1 - INTEGER
-	How many times to retry before deciding that something is wrong
-	and it is necessary to report this suspicion to network layer.
-	Minimal RFC value is 3, it is default, which corresponds
-	to ~3sec-8min depending on RTO.
-
-tcp_retries2 - INTEGER
-	How may times to retry before killing alive TCP connection.
-	RFC1122 says that the limit should be longer than 100 sec.
-	It is too small number.	Default value 15 corresponds to ~13-30min
-	depending on RTO.
-
-tcp_orphan_retries - INTEGER
-	How may times to retry before killing TCP connection, closed
-	by our side. Default value 7 corresponds to ~50sec-16min
-	depending on RTO. If you machine is loaded WEB server,
-	you should think about lowering this value, such sockets
-	may consume significant resources. Cf. tcp_max_orphans.
-
-tcp_fin_timeout - INTEGER
-	Time to hold socket in state FIN-WAIT-2, if it was closed
-	by our side. Peer can be broken and never close its side,
-	or even died unexpectedly. Default value is 60sec.
-	Usual value used in 2.2 was 180 seconds, you may restore
-	it, but remember that if your machine is even underloaded WEB server,
-	you risk to overflow memory with kilotons of dead sockets,
-	FIN-WAIT-2 sockets are less dangerous than FIN-WAIT-1,
-	because they eat maximum 1.5K of memory, but they tend
-	to live longer.	Cf. tcp_max_orphans.
-
-tcp_max_tw_buckets - INTEGER
-	Maximal number of timewait sockets held by system simultaneously.
-	If this number is exceeded time-wait socket is immediately destroyed
-	and warning is printed. This limit exists only to prevent
-	simple DoS attacks, you _must_ not lower the limit artificially,
-	but rather increase it (probably, after increasing installed memory),
-	if network conditions require more than default value.
-
-tcp_tw_recycle - BOOLEAN
-	Enable fast recycling TIME-WAIT sockets. Default value is 0.
-	It should not be changed without advice/request of technical
-	experts.
-
-tcp_tw_reuse - BOOLEAN
-	Allow to reuse TIME-WAIT sockets for new connections when it is
-	safe from protocol viewpoint. Default value is 0.
-	It should not be changed without advice/request of technical
-	experts.
+tcp_low_latency - BOOLEAN
+	If set, the TCP stack makes decisions that prefer lower
+	latency as opposed to higher throughput.  By default, this
+	option is not set meaning that higher throughput is preferred.
+	An example of an application where this default should be
+	changed would be a Beowulf compute cluster.
+	Default: 0
 
 tcp_max_orphans - INTEGER
 	Maximal number of TCP sockets not attached to any user file handle,
@@ -197,41 +214,6 @@ tcp_max_orphans - INTEGER
 	more aggressively. Let me to remind again: each orphan eats
 	up to ~64K of unswappable memory.
 
-tcp_abort_on_overflow - BOOLEAN
-	If listening service is too slow to accept new connections,
-	reset them. Default state is FALSE. It means that if overflow
-	occurred due to a burst, connection will recover. Enable this
-	option _only_ if you are really sure that listening daemon
-	cannot be tuned to accept connections faster. Enabling this
-	option can harm clients of your server.
-
-tcp_syncookies - BOOLEAN
-	Only valid when the kernel was compiled with CONFIG_SYNCOOKIES
-	Send out syncookies when the syn backlog queue of a socket 
-	overflows. This is to prevent against the common 'syn flood attack'
-	Default: FALSE
-
-	Note, that syncookies is fallback facility.
-	It MUST NOT be used to help highly loaded servers to stand
-	against legal connection rate. If you see synflood warnings
-	in your logs, but investigation	shows that they occur
-	because of overload with legal connections, you should tune
-	another parameters until this warning disappear.
-	See: tcp_max_syn_backlog, tcp_synack_retries, tcp_abort_on_overflow.
-
-	syncookies seriously violate TCP protocol, do not allow
-	to use TCP extensions, can result in serious degradation
-	of some services (f.e. SMTP relaying), visible not by you,
-	but your clients and relays, contacting you. While you see
-	synflood warnings in logs not being really flooded, your server
-	is seriously misconfigured.
-
-tcp_stdurg - BOOLEAN
-	Use the Host requirements interpretation of the TCP urg pointer field.
-	Most hosts use the older BSD interpretation, so if you turn this on
-	Linux might not communicate correctly with them.	
-	Default: FALSE 
-	
 tcp_max_syn_backlog - INTEGER
 	Maximal number of remembered connection requests, which are
 	still did not receive an acknowledgment from connecting client.
@@ -239,24 +221,34 @@ tcp_max_syn_backlog - INTEGER
 	and 128 for low memory machines. If server suffers of overload,
 	try to increase this number.
 
-tcp_window_scaling - BOOLEAN
-	Enable window scaling as defined in RFC1323.
+tcp_max_tw_buckets - INTEGER
+	Maximal number of timewait sockets held by system simultaneously.
+	If this number is exceeded time-wait socket is immediately destroyed
+	and warning is printed. This limit exists only to prevent
+	simple DoS attacks, you _must_ not lower the limit artificially,
+	but rather increase it (probably, after increasing installed memory),
+	if network conditions require more than default value.
 
-tcp_timestamps - BOOLEAN
-	Enable timestamps as defined in RFC1323.
+tcp_mem - vector of 3 INTEGERs: min, pressure, max
+	min: below this number of pages TCP is not bothered about its
+	memory appetite.
 
-tcp_sack - BOOLEAN
-	Enable select acknowledgments (SACKS).
+	pressure: when amount of memory allocated by TCP exceeds this number
+	of pages, TCP moderates its memory consumption and enters memory
+	pressure mode, which is exited when memory consumption falls
+	under "min".
 
-tcp_fack - BOOLEAN
-	Enable FACK congestion avoidance and fast retransmission.
-	The value is not used, if tcp_sack is not enabled.
+	max: number of pages allowed for queueing by all TCP sockets.
 
-tcp_dsack - BOOLEAN
-	Allows TCP to send "duplicate" SACKs.
+	Defaults are calculated at boot time from amount of available
+	memory.
 
-tcp_ecn - BOOLEAN
-	Enable Explicit Congestion Notification in TCP.
+tcp_orphan_retries - INTEGER
+	How may times to retry before killing TCP connection, closed
+	by our side. Default value 7 corresponds to ~50sec-16min
+	depending on RTO. If you machine is loaded WEB server,
+	you should think about lowering this value, such sockets
+	may consume significant resources. Cf. tcp_max_orphans.
 
 tcp_reordering - INTEGER
 	Maximal reordering of packets in a TCP stream.
@@ -267,20 +259,23 @@ tcp_retrans_collapse - BOOLEAN
 	On retransmit try to send bigger packets to work around bugs in
 	certain TCP stacks.
 
-tcp_wmem - vector of 3 INTEGERs: min, default, max
-	min: Amount of memory reserved for send buffers for TCP socket.
-	Each TCP socket has rights to use it due to fact of its birth.
-	Default: 4K
+tcp_retries1 - INTEGER
+	How many times to retry before deciding that something is wrong
+	and it is necessary to report this suspicion to network layer.
+	Minimal RFC value is 3, it is default, which corresponds
+	to ~3sec-8min depending on RTO.
 
-	default: Amount of memory allowed for send buffers for TCP socket
-	by default. This value overrides net.core.wmem_default used
-	by other protocols, it is usually lower than net.core.wmem_default.
-	Default: 16K
+tcp_retries2 - INTEGER
+	How may times to retry before killing alive TCP connection.
+	RFC1122 says that the limit should be longer than 100 sec.
+	It is too small number.	Default value 15 corresponds to ~13-30min
+	depending on RTO.
 
-	max: Maximal amount of memory allowed for automatically selected
-	send buffers for TCP socket. This value does not override
-	net.core.wmem_max, "static" selection via SO_SNDBUF does not use this.
-	Default: 128K
+tcp_rfc1337 - BOOLEAN
+	If set, the TCP stack behaves conforming to RFC1337. If unset,
+	we are not conforming to RFC, but prevent TCP TIME_WAIT
+	assassination.
+	Default: 0
 
 tcp_rmem - vector of 3 INTEGERs: min, default, max
 	min: Minimal size of receive buffer used by TCP sockets.
@@ -299,74 +294,8 @@ tcp_rmem - vector of 3 INTEGERs: min, default, max
 	net.core.rmem_max, "static" selection via SO_RCVBUF does not use this.
 	Default: 87380*2 bytes.
 
-tcp_mem - vector of 3 INTEGERs: min, pressure, max
-	min: below this number of pages TCP is not bothered about its
-	memory appetite.
-
-	pressure: when amount of memory allocated by TCP exceeds this number
-	of pages, TCP moderates its memory consumption and enters memory
-	pressure mode, which is exited when memory consumption falls
-	under "min".
-
-	max: number of pages allowed for queueing by all TCP sockets.
-
-	Defaults are calculated at boot time from amount of available
-	memory.
-
-tcp_app_win - INTEGER
-	Reserve max(window/2^tcp_app_win, mss) of window for application
-	buffer. Value 0 is special, it means that nothing is reserved.
-	Default: 31
-
-tcp_adv_win_scale - INTEGER
-	Count buffering overhead as bytes/2^tcp_adv_win_scale
-	(if tcp_adv_win_scale > 0) or bytes-bytes/2^(-tcp_adv_win_scale),
-	if it is <= 0.
-	Default: 2
-
-tcp_rfc1337 - BOOLEAN
-	If set, the TCP stack behaves conforming to RFC1337. If unset,
-	we are not conforming to RFC, but prevent TCP TIME_WAIT
-	assassination.   
-	Default: 0
-
-tcp_low_latency - BOOLEAN
-	If set, the TCP stack makes decisions that prefer lower
-	latency as opposed to higher throughput.  By default, this
-	option is not set meaning that higher throughput is preferred.
-	An example of an application where this default should be
-	changed would be a Beowulf compute cluster.
-	Default: 0
-
-tcp_tso_win_divisor - INTEGER
-       This allows control over what percentage of the congestion window
-       can be consumed by a single TSO frame.
-       The setting of this parameter is a choice between burstiness and
-       building larger TSO frames.
-       Default: 3
-
-tcp_frto - BOOLEAN
-	Enables F-RTO, an enhanced recovery algorithm for TCP retransmission
-	timeouts.  It is particularly beneficial in wireless environments
-	where packet loss is typically due to random radio interference
-	rather than intermediate router congestion.
-
-tcp_congestion_control - STRING
-	Set the congestion control algorithm to be used for new
-	connections. The algorithm "reno" is always available, but
-	additional choices may be available based on kernel configuration.
-
-somaxconn - INTEGER
-	Limit of socket listen() backlog, known in userspace as SOMAXCONN.
-	Defaults to 128.  See also tcp_max_syn_backlog for additional tuning
-	for TCP sockets.
-
-tcp_workaround_signed_windows - BOOLEAN
-	If set, assume no receipt of a window scaling option means the
-	remote TCP is broken and treats the window as a signed quantity.
-	If unset, assume the remote TCP is not broken even if we do
-	not receive a window scaling option from them.
-	Default: 0
+tcp_sack - BOOLEAN
+	Enable select acknowledgments (SACKS).
 
 tcp_slow_start_after_idle - BOOLEAN
 	If set, provide RFC2861 behavior and time out the congestion
@@ -375,6 +304,89 @@ tcp_slow_start_after_idle - BOOLEAN
 	be timed out after an idle period.
 	Default: 1
 
+tcp_stdurg - BOOLEAN
+	Use the Host requirements interpretation of the TCP urg pointer field.
+	Most hosts use the older BSD interpretation, so if you turn this on
+	Linux might not communicate correctly with them.
+	Default: FALSE
+
+tcp_synack_retries - INTEGER
+	Number of times SYNACKs for a passive TCP connection attempt will
+	be retransmitted. Should not be higher than 255. Default value
+	is 5, which corresponds to ~180seconds.
+
+tcp_syncookies - BOOLEAN
+	Only valid when the kernel was compiled with CONFIG_SYNCOOKIES
+	Send out syncookies when the syn backlog queue of a socket
+	overflows. This is to prevent against the common 'syn flood attack'
+	Default: FALSE
+
+	Note, that syncookies is fallback facility.
+	It MUST NOT be used to help highly loaded servers to stand
+	against legal connection rate. If you see synflood warnings
+	in your logs, but investigation	shows that they occur
+	because of overload with legal connections, you should tune
+	another parameters until this warning disappear.
+	See: tcp_max_syn_backlog, tcp_synack_retries, tcp_abort_on_overflow.
+
+	syncookies seriously violate TCP protocol, do not allow
+	to use TCP extensions, can result in serious degradation
+	of some services (f.e. SMTP relaying), visible not by you,
+	but your clients and relays, contacting you. While you see
+	synflood warnings in logs not being really flooded, your server
+	is seriously misconfigured.
+
+tcp_syn_retries - INTEGER
+	Number of times initial SYNs for an active TCP connection attempt
+	will be retransmitted. Should not be higher than 255. Default value
+	is 5, which corresponds to ~180seconds.
+
+tcp_timestamps - BOOLEAN
+	Enable timestamps as defined in RFC1323.
+
+tcp_tso_win_divisor - INTEGER
+	This allows control over what percentage of the congestion window
+	can be consumed by a single TSO frame.
+	The setting of this parameter is a choice between burstiness and
+	building larger TSO frames.
+	Default: 3
+
+tcp_tw_recycle - BOOLEAN
+	Enable fast recycling TIME-WAIT sockets. Default value is 0.
+	It should not be changed without advice/request of technical
+	experts.
+
+tcp_tw_reuse - BOOLEAN
+	Allow to reuse TIME-WAIT sockets for new connections when it is
+	safe from protocol viewpoint. Default value is 0.
+	It should not be changed without advice/request of technical
+	experts.
+
+tcp_window_scaling - BOOLEAN
+	Enable window scaling as defined in RFC1323.
+
+tcp_wmem - vector of 3 INTEGERs: min, default, max
+	min: Amount of memory reserved for send buffers for TCP socket.
+	Each TCP socket has rights to use it due to fact of its birth.
+	Default: 4K
+
+	default: Amount of memory allowed for send buffers for TCP socket
+	by default. This value overrides net.core.wmem_default used
+	by other protocols, it is usually lower than net.core.wmem_default.
+	Default: 16K
+
+	max: Maximal amount of memory allowed for automatically selected
+	send buffers for TCP socket. This value does not override
+	net.core.wmem_max, "static" selection via SO_SNDBUF does not use this.
+	Default: 128K
+
+tcp_workaround_signed_windows - BOOLEAN
+	If set, assume no receipt of a window scaling option means the
+	remote TCP is broken and treats the window as a signed quantity.
+	If unset, assume the remote TCP is not broken even if we do
+	not receive a window scaling option from them.
+	Default: 0
+
 CIPSOv4 Variables:
 
 cipso_cache_enable - BOOLEAN
@@ -974,4 +986,3 @@ no_cong_thresh FIXME
 slot_timeout FIXME
 warn_noreply_time FIXME
 
-$Id: ip-sysctl.txt,v 1.20 2001/12/13 09:00:18 davem Exp $

Documentation/networking/iphase.txt

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ Installation
     1M. The RAM size decides the number of buffers and buffer size. The default 
     size and number of buffers are set as following: 
 
-          Totol    Rx RAM   Tx RAM   Rx Buf   Tx Buf   Rx buf   Tx buf
+          Total    Rx RAM   Tx RAM   Rx Buf   Tx Buf   Rx buf   Tx buf
          RAM size   size     size     size     size      cnt      cnt
          --------  ------   ------   ------   ------   ------   ------
            128K      64K      64K      10K      10K       6        6

Documentation/networking/packet_mmap.txt

@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ the necessary memory, so normally limits can be reached.
 -------------------
 
 If you check the source code you will see that what I draw here as a frame
-is not only the link level frame. At the begining of each frame there is a 
+is not only the link level frame. At the beginning of each frame there is a 
 header called struct tpacket_hdr used in PACKET_MMAP to hold link level's frame
 meta information like timestamp. So what we draw here a frame it's really 
 the following (from include/linux/if_packet.h):

Documentation/networking/phy.txt

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 
 -------
 PHY Abstraction Layer
-(Updated 2005-07-21)
+(Updated 2006-11-30)
 
 Purpose
 
@@ -97,11 +97,12 @@ Letting the PHY Abstraction Layer do Everything
  
  Next, you need to know the device name of the PHY connected to this device. 
  The name will look something like, "phy0:0", where the first number is the
- bus id, and the second is the PHY's address on that bus.
+ bus id, and the second is the PHY's address on that bus.  Typically,
+ the bus is responsible for making its ID unique.
  
  Now, to connect, just call this function:
  
-   phydev = phy_connect(dev, phy_name, &adjust_link, flags);
+   phydev = phy_connect(dev, phy_name, &adjust_link, flags, interface);
 
  phydev is a pointer to the phy_device structure which represents the PHY.  If
  phy_connect is successful, it will return the pointer.  dev, here, is the
@@ -115,6 +116,10 @@ Letting the PHY Abstraction Layer do Everything
  This is useful if the system has put hardware restrictions on
  the PHY/controller, of which the PHY needs to be aware.
 
+ interface is a u32 which specifies the connection type used
+ between the controller and the PHY.  Examples are GMII, MII,
+ RGMII, and SGMII.  For a full list, see include/linux/phy.h
+
  Now just make sure that phydev->supported and phydev->advertising have any
  values pruned from them which don't make sense for your controller (a 10/100
  controller may be connected to a gigabit capable PHY, so you would need to
@@ -191,7 +196,7 @@ Doing it all yourself
    start, or disables then frees them for stop.
 
  struct phy_device * phy_attach(struct net_device *dev, const char *phy_id,
-		 u32 flags);
+		 u32 flags, phy_interface_t interface);
 
    Attaches a network device to a particular PHY, binding the PHY to a generic
    driver if none was found during bus initialization.  Passes in

Documentation/networking/pktgen.txt

@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ Current:
 Result: OK: 13101142(c12220741+d880401) usec, 10000000 (60byte,0frags)
   763292pps 390Mb/sec (390805504bps) errors: 39664
 
-Confguring threads and devices
-==============================
+Configuring threads and devices
+================================
 This is done via the /proc interface easiest done via pgset in the scripts
 
 Examples:
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ Examples:
 					 there must be no spaces between the
 					 arguments. Leading zeros are required.
 					 Do not set the bottom of stack bit,
-					 thats done automatically. If you do
+					 that's done automatically. If you do
 					 set the bottom of stack bit, that
 					 indicates that you want to randomly
 					 generate that address and the flag

Documentation/networking/proc_net_tcp.txt

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ up into 3 parts because of the length of the line):
 
    1000        0 54165785 4 cd1e6040 25 4 27 3 -1
     |          |    |     |    |     |  | |  | |--> slow start size threshold, 
-    |          |    |     |    |     |  | |  |      or -1 if the treshold
+    |          |    |     |    |     |  | |  |      or -1 if the threshold
     |          |    |     |    |     |  | |  |      is >= 0xFFFF
     |          |    |     |    |     |  | |  |----> sending congestion window
     |          |    |     |    |     |  | |-------> (ack.quick<<1)|ack.pingpong

Documentation/networking/sk98lin.txt

@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ Possible modes:
       depending on the load of the system. If the driver detects that the
       system load is too high, the driver tries to shield the system against 
       too much network load by enabling interrupt moderation. If - at a later
-      time - the CPU utilizaton decreases again (or if the network load is 
+      time - the CPU utilization decreases again (or if the network load is 
       negligible) the interrupt moderation will automatically be disabled.
 
 Interrupt moderation should be used when the driver has to handle one or more

Documentation/networking/slicecom.txt

@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ comx0/boardnum	- board number of the SliceCom in the PC (using the 'natural'
 
 Though the options below are to be set on a single interface, they apply to the
 whole board. The restriction, to use them on 'UP' interfaces, is because the 
-command sequence below could lead to unpredicable results.
+command sequence below could lead to unpredictable results.
 
 	# echo 0        >boardnum
 	# echo internal >clock_source

Documentation/networking/udplite.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+  ===========================================================================
+                      The UDP-Lite protocol (RFC 3828)
+  ===========================================================================
+
+
+  UDP-Lite is a Standards-Track IETF transport protocol whose characteristic
+  is a variable-length checksum. This has advantages for transport of multimedia
+  (video, VoIP) over wireless networks, as partly damaged packets can still be
+  fed into the codec instead of being discarded due to a failed checksum test.
+
+  This file briefly describes the existing kernel support and the socket API.
+  For in-depth information, you can consult:
+
+   o The UDP-Lite Homepage: http://www.erg.abdn.ac.uk/users/gerrit/udp-lite/
+       Fom here you can also download some example application source code.
+
+   o The UDP-Lite HOWTO on
+       http://www.erg.abdn.ac.uk/users/gerrit/udp-lite/files/UDP-Lite-HOWTO.txt
+
+   o The Wireshark UDP-Lite WiKi (with capture files):
+       http://wiki.wireshark.org/Lightweight_User_Datagram_Protocol
+
+   o The Protocol Spec, RFC 3828, http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3828.txt
+
+
+  I) APPLICATIONS
+
+  Several applications have been ported successfully to UDP-Lite. Ethereal
+  (now called wireshark) has UDP-Litev4/v6 support by default. The tarball on
+
+   http://www.erg.abdn.ac.uk/users/gerrit/udp-lite/files/udplite_linux.tar.gz
+
+  has source code for several v4/v6 client-server and network testing examples.
+
+  Porting applications to UDP-Lite is straightforward: only socket level and
+  IPPROTO need to be changed; senders additionally set the checksum coverage
+  length (default = header length = 8). Details are in the next section.
+
+
+  II) PROGRAMMING API
+
+  UDP-Lite provides a connectionless, unreliable datagram service and hence
+  uses the same socket type as UDP. In fact, porting from UDP to UDP-Lite is
+  very easy: simply add `IPPROTO_UDPLITE' as the last argument of the socket(2)
+  call so that the statement looks like:
+
+      s = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDPLITE);
+
+                      or, respectively,
+
+      s = socket(PF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDPLITE);
+
+  With just the above change you are able to run UDP-Lite services or connect
+  to UDP-Lite servers. The kernel will assume that you are not interested in
+  using partial checksum coverage and so emulate UDP mode (full coverage).
+
+  To make use of the partial checksum coverage facilities requires setting a
+  single socket option, which takes an integer specifying the coverage length:
+
+    * Sender checksum coverage: UDPLITE_SEND_CSCOV
+
+      For example,
+
+        int val = 20;
+        setsockopt(s, SOL_UDPLITE, UDPLITE_SEND_CSCOV, &val, sizeof(int));
+
+      sets the checksum coverage length to 20 bytes (12b data + 8b header).
+      Of each packet only the first 20 bytes (plus the pseudo-header) will be
+      checksummed. This is useful for RTP applications which have a 12-byte
+      base header.
+
+
+    * Receiver checksum coverage: UDPLITE_RECV_CSCOV
+
+      This option is the receiver-side analogue. It is truly optional, i.e. not
+      required to enable traffic with partial checksum coverage. Its function is
+      that of a traffic filter: when enabled, it instructs the kernel to drop
+      all packets which have a coverage _less_ than this value. For example, if
+      RTP and UDP headers are to be protected, a receiver can enforce that only
+      packets with a minimum coverage of 20 are admitted:
+
+        int min = 20;
+        setsockopt(s, SOL_UDPLITE, UDPLITE_RECV_CSCOV, &min, sizeof(int));
+
+  The calls to getsockopt(2) are analogous. Being an extension and not a stand-
+  alone protocol, all socket options known from UDP can be used in exactly the
+  same manner as before, e.g. UDP_CORK or UDP_ENCAP.
+
+  A detailed discussion of UDP-Lite checksum coverage options is in section IV.
+
+
+  III) HEADER FILES
+
+  The socket API requires support through header files in /usr/include:
+
+    * /usr/include/netinet/in.h
+        to define IPPROTO_UDPLITE
+
+    * /usr/include/netinet/udplite.h
+        for UDP-Lite header fields and protocol constants
+
+  For testing purposes, the following can serve as a `mini' header file:
+
+    #define IPPROTO_UDPLITE       136
+    #define SOL_UDPLITE           136
+    #define UDPLITE_SEND_CSCOV     10
+    #define UDPLITE_RECV_CSCOV     11
+
+  Ready-made header files for various distros are in the UDP-Lite tarball.
+
+
+  IV) KERNEL BEHAVIOUR WITH REGARD TO THE VARIOUS SOCKET OPTIONS
+
+  To enable debugging messages, the log level need to be set to 8, as most
+  messages use the KERN_DEBUG level (7).
+
+  1) Sender Socket Options
+
+  If the sender specifies a value of 0 as coverage length, the module
+  assumes full coverage, transmits a packet with coverage length of 0
+  and according checksum.  If the sender specifies a coverage < 8 and
+  different from 0, the kernel assumes 8 as default value.  Finally,
+  if the specified coverage length exceeds the packet length, the packet
+  length is used instead as coverage length.
+
+  2) Receiver Socket Options
+
+  The receiver specifies the minimum value of the coverage length it
+  is willing to accept.  A value of 0 here indicates that the receiver
+  always wants the whole of the packet covered. In this case, all
+  partially covered packets are dropped and an error is logged.
+
+  It is not possible to specify illegal values (<0 and <8); in these
+  cases the default of 8 is assumed.
+
+  All packets arriving with a coverage value less than the specified
+  threshold are discarded, these events are also logged.
+
+  3) Disabling the Checksum Computation
+
+  On both sender and receiver, checksumming will always be performed
+  and can not be disabled using SO_NO_CHECK. Thus
+
+        setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_NO_CHECK,  ... );
+
+  will always will be ignored, while the value of
+
+        getsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_NO_CHECK, &value, ...);
+
+  is meaningless (as in TCP). Packets with a zero checksum field are
+  illegal (cf. RFC 3828, sec. 3.1) will be silently discarded.
+
+  4) Fragmentation
+
+  The checksum computation respects both buffersize and MTU. The size
+  of UDP-Lite packets is determined by the size of the send buffer. The
+  minimum size of the send buffer is 2048 (defined as SOCK_MIN_SNDBUF
+  in include/net/sock.h), the default value is configurable as
+  net.core.wmem_default or via setting the SO_SNDBUF socket(7)
+  option. The maximum upper bound for the send buffer is determined
+  by net.core.wmem_max.
+
+  Given a payload size larger than the send buffer size, UDP-Lite will
+  split the payload into several individual packets, filling up the
+  send buffer size in each case.
+
+  The precise value also depends on the interface MTU. The interface MTU,
+  in turn, may trigger IP fragmentation. In this case, the generated
+  UDP-Lite packet is split into several IP packets, of which only the
+  first one contains the L4 header.
+
+  The send buffer size has implications on the checksum coverage length.
+  Consider the following example:
+
+  Payload: 1536 bytes          Send Buffer:     1024 bytes
+  MTU:     1500 bytes          Coverage Length:  856 bytes
+
+  UDP-Lite will ship the 1536 bytes in two separate packets:
+
+  Packet 1: 1024 payload + 8 byte header + 20 byte IP header = 1052 bytes
+  Packet 2:  512 payload + 8 byte header + 20 byte IP header =  540 bytes
+
+  The coverage packet covers the UDP-Lite header and 848 bytes of the
+  payload in the first packet, the second packet is fully covered. Note
+  that for the second packet, the coverage length exceeds the packet
+  length. The kernel always re-adjusts the coverage length to the packet
+  length in such cases.
+
+  As an example of what happens when one UDP-Lite packet is split into
+  several tiny fragments, consider the following example.
+
+  Payload: 1024 bytes            Send buffer size: 1024 bytes
+  MTU:      300 bytes            Coverage length:   575 bytes
+
+  +-+-----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
+  |8|    272    |      280     |     280      |     280      |
+  +-+-----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
+               280            560            840           1032
+                                    ^
+  *****checksum coverage*************
+
+  The UDP-Lite module generates one 1032 byte packet (1024 + 8 byte
+  header). According to the interface MTU, these are split into 4 IP
+  packets (280 byte IP payload + 20 byte IP header). The kernel module
+  sums the contents of the entire first two packets, plus 15 bytes of
+  the last packet before releasing the fragments to the IP module.
+
+  To see the analogous case for IPv6 fragmentation, consider a link
+  MTU of 1280 bytes and a write buffer of 3356 bytes. If the checksum
+  coverage is less than 1232 bytes (MTU minus IPv6/fragment header
+  lengths), only the first fragment needs to be considered. When using
+  larger checksum coverage lengths, each eligible fragment needs to be
+  checksummed. Suppose we have a checksum coverage of 3062. The buffer
+  of 3356 bytes will be split into the following fragments:
+
+    Fragment 1: 1280 bytes carrying  1232 bytes of UDP-Lite data
+    Fragment 2: 1280 bytes carrying  1232 bytes of UDP-Lite data
+    Fragment 3:  948 bytes carrying   900 bytes of UDP-Lite data
+
+  The first two fragments have to be checksummed in full, of the last
+  fragment only 598 (= 3062 - 2*1232) bytes are checksummed.
+
+  While it is important that such cases are dealt with correctly, they
+  are (annoyingly) rare: UDP-Lite is designed for optimising multimedia
+  performance over wireless (or generally noisy) links and thus smaller
+  coverage lenghts are likely to be expected.
+
+
+  V) UDP-LITE RUNTIME STATISTICS AND THEIR MEANING
+
+  Exceptional and error conditions are logged to syslog at the KERN_DEBUG
+  level.  Live statistics about UDP-Lite are available in /proc/net/snmp
+  and can (with newer versions of netstat) be viewed using
+
+                            netstat -svu
+
+  This displays UDP-Lite statistics variables, whose meaning is as follows.
+
+   InDatagrams:     Total number of received datagrams.
+
+   NoPorts:         Number of packets received to an unknown port.
+                    These cases are counted separately (not as InErrors).
+
+   InErrors:        Number of erroneous UDP-Lite packets. Errors include:
+                      * internal socket queue receive errors
+                      * packet too short (less than 8 bytes or stated
+                        coverage length exceeds received length)
+                      * xfrm4_policy_check() returned with error
+                      * application has specified larger min. coverage
+                        length than that of incoming packet
+                      * checksum coverage violated
+                      * bad checksum
+
+   OutDatagrams:    Total number of sent datagrams.
+
+   These statistics derive from the UDP MIB (RFC 2013).
+
+
+  VI) IPTABLES
+
+  There is packet match support for UDP-Lite as well as support for the LOG target.
+  If you copy and paste the following line into /etc/protcols,
+
+  udplite 136     UDP-Lite        # UDP-Lite [RFC 3828]
+
+  then
+              iptables -A INPUT -p udplite -j LOG
+
+  will produce logging output to syslog. Dropping and rejecting packets also works.
+
+
+  VII) MAINTAINER ADDRESS
+
+  The UDP-Lite patch was developed at
+                    University of Aberdeen
+                    Electronics Research Group
+                    Department of Engineering
+                    Fraser Noble Building
+                    Aberdeen AB24 3UE; UK
+  The current maintainer is Gerrit Renker, <gerrit@erg.abdn.ac.uk>. Initial
+  code was developed by William  Stanislaus, <william@erg.abdn.ac.uk>.

Documentation/networking/wan-router.txt

@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ beta-2.1.4 Jul 2000		o Dynamic interface configuration:
 
 beta3-2.1.4 Jul 2000		o X25 M_BIT Problem fix.
 				o Added the Multi-Port PPP
-				  Updated utilites for the Multi-Port PPP.
+				  Updated utilities for the Multi-Port PPP.
 
 2.1.4	Aut 2000
 				o In X25API:
@@ -444,13 +444,13 @@ beta1-2.1.5 	Nov 15 2000
 					
 				o Cpipemon
 					- Added set FT1 commands to the cpipemon. Thus CSU/DSU
-					  configuraiton can be performed using cpipemon.
+					  configuration can be performed using cpipemon.
 					  All systems that cannot run cfgft1 GUI utility should
 					  use cpipemon to configure the on board CSU/DSU.
 
 
 				o Keyboard Led Monitor/Debugger
-					- A new utilty /usr/sbin/wpkbdmon uses keyboard leds
+					- A new utility /usr/sbin/wpkbdmon uses keyboard leds
 					  to convey operational statistic information of the 
 					  Sangoma WANPIPE cards.
 					NUM_LOCK    = Line State  (On=connected,    Off=disconnected)
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ beta1-2.1.5 	Nov 15 2000
 					- Appropriate number of devices are dynamically loaded 
 					  based on the number of Sangoma cards found.
 
-					  Note: The kernel configuraiton option 
+					  Note: The kernel configuration option 
 						CONFIG_WANPIPE_CARDS has been taken out.
 					
 				o Fixed the Frame Relay and Chdlc network interfaces so they are

Documentation/networking/xfrm_sync.txt

@@ -47,10 +47,13 @@ aevent_id structure looks like:
 
    struct xfrm_aevent_id {
              struct xfrm_usersa_id           sa_id;
+             xfrm_address_t                  saddr;
              __u32                           flags;
+             __u32                           reqid;
    };
 
-xfrm_usersa_id in this message layout identifies the SA.
+The unique SA is identified by the combination of xfrm_usersa_id,
+reqid and saddr.
 
 flags are used to indicate different things. The possible
 flags are:

Documentation/pnp.txt

@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ static const struct pnp_id pnp_dev_table[] = {
 Please note that the character 'X' can be used as a wild card in the function
 portion (last four characters).
 ex:
-	/* Unkown PnP modems */
+	/* Unknown PnP modems */
 	{	"PNPCXXX",		UNKNOWN_DEV	},
 
 Supported PnP card IDs can optionally be defined.

Documentation/power/pci.txt

@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ Description:
 	events, which is implicit if it doesn't even support it in the first
 	place).
 
-	Note that the PMC Register in the device's PM Capabilties has a bitmask
+	Note that the PMC Register in the device's PM Capabilities has a bitmask
 	of the states it supports generating PME# from. D3hot is bit 3 and
 	D3cold is bit 4. So, while a value of 4 as the state may not seem
 	semantically correct, it is. 
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ to wake the system up. (However, it is possible that a device may support
 some non-standard way of generating a wake event on sleep.)
 
 Bits 15:11 of the PMC (Power Mgmt Capabilities) Register in a device's
-PM Capabilties describe what power states the device supports generating a 
+PM Capabilities describe what power states the device supports generating a 
 wake event from:
 
 +------------------+

Documentation/power/s2ram.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+			How to get s2ram working
+			~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+			2006 Linus Torvalds
+			2006 Pavel Machek
+
+1) Check suspend.sf.net, program s2ram there has long whitelist of
+   "known ok" machines, along with tricks to use on each one.
+
+2) If that does not help, try reading tricks.txt and
+   video.txt. Perhaps problem is as simple as broken module, and
+   simple module unload can fix it.
+
+3) You can use Linus' TRACE_RESUME infrastructure, described below.
+
+		      Using TRACE_RESUME
+		      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+I've been working at making the machines I have able to STR, and almost
+always it's a driver that is buggy. Thank God for the suspend/resume
+debugging - the thing that Chuck tried to disable. That's often the _only_
+way to debug these things, and it's actually pretty powerful (but
+time-consuming - having to insert TRACE_RESUME() markers into the device
+driver that doesn't resume and recompile and reboot).
+
+Anyway, the way to debug this for people who are interested (have a
+machine that doesn't boot) is:
+
+ - enable PM_DEBUG, and PM_TRACE
+
+ - use a script like this:
+
+	#!/bin/sh
+	sync
+	echo 1 > /sys/power/pm_trace
+	echo mem > /sys/power/state
+
+   to suspend
+
+ - if it doesn't come back up (which is usually the problem), reboot by
+   holding the power button down, and look at the dmesg output for things
+   like
+
+	Magic number: 4:156:725
+	hash matches drivers/base/power/resume.c:28
+	hash matches device 0000:01:00.0
+
+   which means that the last trace event was just before trying to resume
+   device 0000:01:00.0. Then figure out what driver is controlling that
+   device (lspci and /sys/devices/pci* is your friend), and see if you can
+   fix it, disable it, or trace into its resume function.
+
+For example, the above happens to be the VGA device on my EVO, which I
+used to run with "radeonfb" (it's an ATI Radeon mobility). It turns out
+that "radeonfb" simply cannot resume that device - it tries to set the
+PLL's, and it just _hangs_. Using the regular VGA console and letting X
+resume it instead works fine.

Documentation/power/states.txt

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ setup via another operating system for it to use. Despite the
 inconvenience, this method requires minimal work by the kernel, since
 the firmware will also handle restoring memory contents on resume. 
 
-If the kernel is responsible for persistantly saving state, a mechanism 
+If the kernel is responsible for persistently saving state, a mechanism
 called 'swsusp' (Swap Suspend) is used to write memory contents to
 free swap space. swsusp has some restrictive requirements, but should
 work in most cases. Some, albeit outdated, documentation can be found

Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+Using swap files with software suspend (swsusp)
+	(C) 2006 Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
+
+The Linux kernel handles swap files almost in the same way as it handles swap
+partitions and there are only two differences between these two types of swap
+areas:
+(1) swap files need not be contiguous,
+(2) the header of a swap file is not in the first block of the partition that
+holds it.  From the swsusp's point of view (1) is not a problem, because it is
+already taken care of by the swap-handling code, but (2) has to be taken into
+consideration.
+
+In principle the location of a swap file's header may be determined with the
+help of appropriate filesystem driver.  Unfortunately, however, it requires the
+filesystem holding the swap file to be mounted, and if this filesystem is
+journaled, it cannot be mounted during resume from disk.  For this reason to
+identify a swap file swsusp uses the name of the partition that holds the file
+and the offset from the beginning of the partition at which the swap file's
+header is located.  For convenience, this offset is expressed in <PAGE_SIZE>
+units.
+
+In order to use a swap file with swsusp, you need to:
+
+1) Create the swap file and make it active, eg.
+
+# dd if=/dev/zero of=<swap_file_path> bs=1024 count=<swap_file_size_in_k>
+# mkswap <swap_file_path>
+# swapon <swap_file_path>
+
+2) Use an application that will bmap the swap file with the help of the
+FIBMAP ioctl and determine the location of the file's swap header, as the
+offset, in <PAGE_SIZE> units, from the beginning of the partition which
+holds the swap file.
+
+3) Add the following parameters to the kernel command line:
+
+resume=<swap_file_partition> resume_offset=<swap_file_offset>
+
+where <swap_file_partition> is the partition on which the swap file is located
+and <swap_file_offset> is the offset of the swap header determined by the
+application in 2) (of course, this step may be carried out automatically
+by the same application that determies the swap file's header offset using the
+FIBMAP ioctl)
+
+OR
+
+Use a userland suspend application that will set the partition and offset
+with the help of the SNAPSHOT_SET_SWAP_AREA ioctl described in
+Documentation/power/userland-swsusp.txt (this is the only method to suspend
+to a swap file allowing the resume to be initiated from an initrd or initramfs
+image).
+
+Now, swsusp will use the swap file in the same way in which it would use a swap
+partition.  In particular, the swap file has to be active (ie. be present in
+/proc/swaps) so that it can be used for suspending.
+
+Note that if the swap file used for suspending is deleted and recreated,
+the location of its header need not be the same as before.  Thus every time
+this happens the value of the "resume_offset=" kernel command line parameter
+has to be updated.

Documentation/power/swsusp.txt

@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ add:
 
 If the thread is needed for writing the image to storage, you should
 instead set the PF_NOFREEZE process flag when creating the thread (and
-be very carefull).
+be very careful).
 
 
 Q: What is the difference between "platform", "shutdown" and
@@ -297,20 +297,12 @@ system is shut down or suspended. Additionally use the encrypted
 suspend image to prevent sensitive data from being stolen after
 resume.
 
-Q: Why can't we suspend to a swap file?
+Q: Can I suspend to a swap file?
 
-A: Because accessing swap file needs the filesystem mounted, and
-filesystem might do something wrong (like replaying the journal)
-during mount.
-
-There are few ways to get that fixed:
-
-1) Probably could be solved by modifying every filesystem to support
-some kind of "really read-only!" option. Patches welcome.
-
-2) suspend2 gets around that by storing absolute positions in on-disk
-image (and blocksize), with resume parameter pointing directly to
-suspend header.
+A: Generally, yes, you can.  However, it requires you to use the "resume=" and
+"resume_offset=" kernel command line parameters, so the resume from a swap file
+cannot be initiated from an initrd or initramfs image.  See
+swsusp-and-swap-files.txt for details.
 
 Q: Is there a maximum system RAM size that is supported by swsusp?
 

Documentation/power/userland-swsusp.txt

@@ -9,9 +9,8 @@ done it already.
 Now, to use the userland interface for software suspend you need special
 utilities that will read/write the system memory snapshot from/to the
 kernel.  Such utilities are available, for example, from
-<http://www.sisk.pl/kernel/utilities/suspend>.  You may want to have
-a look at them if you are going to develop your own suspend/resume
-utilities.
+<http://suspend.sourceforge.net>.  You may want to have a look at them if you
+are going to develop your own suspend/resume utilities.
 
 The interface consists of a character device providing the open(),
 release(), read(), and write() operations as well as several ioctl()
@@ -21,9 +20,9 @@ be read from /sys/class/misc/snapshot/dev.
 
 The device can be open either for reading or for writing.  If open for
 reading, it is considered to be in the suspend mode.  Otherwise it is
-assumed to be in the resume mode.  The device cannot be open for reading
-and writing.  It is also impossible to have the device open more than once
-at a time.
+assumed to be in the resume mode.  The device cannot be open for simultaneous
+reading and writing.  It is also impossible to have the device open more than
+once at a time.
 
 The ioctl() commands recognized by the device are:
 
@@ -69,9 +68,46 @@ SNAPSHOT_FREE_SWAP_PAGES - free all swap pages allocated with
 SNAPSHOT_SET_SWAP_FILE - set the resume partition (the last ioctl() argument
 	should specify the device's major and minor numbers in the old
 	two-byte format, as returned by the stat() function in the .st_rdev
-	member of the stat structure); it is recommended to always use this
-	call, because the code to set the resume partition could be removed from
-	future kernels
+	member of the stat structure)
+
+SNAPSHOT_SET_SWAP_AREA - set the resume partition and the offset (in <PAGE_SIZE>
+	units) from the beginning of the partition at which the swap header is
+	located (the last ioctl() argument should point to a struct
+	resume_swap_area, as defined in kernel/power/power.h, containing the
+	resume device specification, as for the SNAPSHOT_SET_SWAP_FILE ioctl(),
+	and the offset); for swap partitions the offset is always 0, but it is
+	different to zero for swap files (please see
+	Documentation/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt for details).
+	The SNAPSHOT_SET_SWAP_AREA ioctl() is considered as a replacement for
+	SNAPSHOT_SET_SWAP_FILE which is regarded as obsolete.   It is
+	recommended to always use this call, because the code to set the resume
+	partition may be removed from future kernels
+
+SNAPSHOT_S2RAM - suspend to RAM; using this call causes the kernel to
+	immediately enter the suspend-to-RAM state, so this call must always
+	be preceded by the SNAPSHOT_FREEZE call and it is also necessary
+	to use the SNAPSHOT_UNFREEZE call after the system wakes up.  This call
+	is needed to implement the suspend-to-both mechanism in which the
+	suspend image is first created, as though the system had been suspended
+	to disk, and then the system is suspended to RAM (this makes it possible
+	to resume the system from RAM if there's enough battery power or restore
+	its state on the basis of the saved suspend image otherwise)
+
+SNAPSHOT_PMOPS - enable the usage of the pmops->prepare, pmops->enter and
+	pmops->finish methods (the in-kernel swsusp knows these as the "platform
+	method") which are needed on many machines to (among others) speed up
+	the resume by letting the BIOS skip some steps or to let the system
+	recognise the correct state of the hardware after the resume (in
+	particular on many machines this ensures that unplugged AC
+	adapters get correctly detected and that kacpid does not run wild after
+	the resume).  The last ioctl() argument can take one of the three
+	values, defined in kernel/power/power.h:
+	PMOPS_PREPARE - make the kernel carry out the
+		pm_ops->prepare(PM_SUSPEND_DISK) operation
+	PMOPS_ENTER - make the kernel power off the system by calling
+		pm_ops->enter(PM_SUSPEND_DISK)
+	PMOPS_FINISH - make the kernel carry out the
+		pm_ops->finish(PM_SUSPEND_DISK) operation
 
 The device's read() operation can be used to transfer the snapshot image from
 the kernel.  It has the following limitations:
@@ -91,10 +127,12 @@ unfreeze user space processes frozen by SNAPSHOT_UNFREEZE if they are
 still frozen when the device is being closed).
 
 Currently it is assumed that the userland utilities reading/writing the
-snapshot image from/to the kernel will use a swap partition, called the resume
-partition, as storage space.  However, this is not really required, as they
-can use, for example, a special (blank) suspend partition or a file on a partition
-that is unmounted before SNAPSHOT_ATOMIC_SNAPSHOT and mounted afterwards.
+snapshot image from/to the kernel will use a swap parition, called the resume
+partition, or a swap file as storage space (if a swap file is used, the resume
+partition is the partition that holds this file).  However, this is not really
+required, as they can use, for example, a special (blank) suspend partition or
+a file on a partition that is unmounted before SNAPSHOT_ATOMIC_SNAPSHOT and
+mounted afterwards.
 
 These utilities SHOULD NOT make any assumptions regarding the ordering of
 data within the snapshot image, except for the image header that MAY be

Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
     IBM Corp.
 (c) 2005 Becky Bruce <becky.bruce at freescale.com>,
     Freescale Semiconductor, FSL SOC and 32-bit additions
+(c) 2006 MontaVista Software, Inc.
+    Flash chip node definition
 
    May 18, 2005: Rev 0.1 - Initial draft, no chapter III yet.
 
@@ -33,13 +35,13 @@
                          - Change version 16 format to always align
                            property data to 4 bytes. Since tokens are
                            already aligned, that means no specific
-                           required alignement between property size
+                           required alignment between property size
                            and property data. The old style variable
                            alignment would make it impossible to do
                            "simple" insertion of properties using
                            memove (thanks Milton for
                            noticing). Updated kernel patch as well
-			 - Correct a few more alignement constraints
+			 - Correct a few more alignment constraints
 			 - Add a chapter about the device-tree
                            compiler and the textural representation of
                            the tree that can be "compiled" by dtc.
@@ -854,7 +856,7 @@ address which can extend beyond that limit.
       console device if any. Typically, if you have serial devices on
       your board, you may want to put the full path to the one set as
       the default console in the firmware here, for the kernel to pick
-      it up as it's own default console. If you look at the funciton
+      it up as its own default console. If you look at the function
       set_preferred_console() in arch/ppc64/kernel/setup.c, you'll see
       that the kernel tries to find out the default console and has
       knowledge of various types like 8250 serial ports. You may want
@@ -1124,7 +1126,7 @@ should have the following properties:
 	- interrupt-parent : contains the phandle of the interrupt
           controller which handles interrupts for this device
 	- interrupts : a list of tuples representing the interrupt
-          number and the interrupt sense and level for each interupt
+          number and the interrupt sense and level for each interrupt
           for this device.
 
 This information is used by the kernel to build the interrupt table
@@ -1693,6 +1695,46 @@ platforms are moved over to use the flattened-device-tree model.
 		};
 	};
 
+    g) Flash chip nodes
+
+    Flash chips (Memory Technology Devices) are often used for solid state
+    file systems on embedded devices.
+
+    Required properties:
+
+     - device_type : has to be "rom"
+     - compatible : Should specify what this flash device is compatible with.
+       Currently, this is most likely to be "direct-mapped" (which
+       corresponds to the MTD physmap mapping driver).
+     - reg : Offset and length of the register set (or memory mapping) for
+       the device.
+     - bank-width : Width of the flash data bus in bytes. Required
+       for the NOR flashes (compatible == "direct-mapped" and others) ONLY.
+
+    Recommended properties :
+
+     - partitions : Several pairs of 32-bit values where the first value is
+       partition's offset from the start of the device and the second one is
+       partition size in bytes with LSB used to signify a read only
+       partition (so, the parition size should always be an even number).
+     - partition-names : The list of concatenated zero terminated strings
+       representing the partition names.
+     - probe-type : The type of probe which should be done for the chip
+       (JEDEC vs CFI actually). Valid ONLY for NOR flashes.
+
+   Example:
+
+ 	flash@ff000000 {
+ 		device_type = "rom";
+ 		compatible = "direct-mapped";
+ 		probe-type = "CFI";
+ 		reg = <ff000000 01000000>;
+ 		bank-width = <4>;
+ 		partitions = <00000000 00f80000
+ 			      00f80000 00080001>;
+ 		partition-names = "fs\0firmware";
+ 	};
+
    More devices will be defined as this spec matures.