linux/rust/kernel/debugfs/file_ops.rs

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
// Copyright (C) 2025 Google LLC.

use super::{BinaryReader, BinaryWriter, Reader, Writer};
use crate::debugfs::callback_adapters::Adapter;
use crate::fmt;
use crate::fs::file;
use crate::prelude::*;
use crate::seq_file::SeqFile;
use crate::seq_print;
use crate::uaccess::UserSlice;
use core::marker::PhantomData;

#[cfg(CONFIG_DEBUG_FS)]
use core::ops::Deref;

/// # Invariant
///
/// `FileOps<T>` will always contain an `operations` which is safe to use for a file backed
/// off an inode which has a pointer to a `T` in its private data that is safe to convert
/// into a reference.
pub(super) struct FileOps<T> {
    #[cfg(CONFIG_DEBUG_FS)]
    operations: bindings::file_operations,
    #[cfg(CONFIG_DEBUG_FS)]
    mode: u16,
    _phantom: PhantomData<T>,
}

impl<T> FileOps<T> {
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// The caller asserts that the provided `operations` is safe to use for a file whose
    /// inode has a pointer to `T` in its private data that is safe to convert into a reference.
    const unsafe fn new(operations: bindings::file_operations, mode: u16) -> Self {
        Self {
            #[cfg(CONFIG_DEBUG_FS)]
            operations,
            #[cfg(CONFIG_DEBUG_FS)]
            mode,
            _phantom: PhantomData,
        }
    }

    #[cfg(CONFIG_DEBUG_FS)]
    pub(crate) const fn mode(&self) -> u16 {
        self.mode
    }
}

impl<T: Adapter> FileOps<T> {
    pub(super) const fn adapt(&self) -> &FileOps<T::Inner> {
        // SAFETY: `Adapter` asserts that `T` can be legally cast to `T::Inner`.
        unsafe { core::mem::transmute(self) }
    }
}

#[cfg(CONFIG_DEBUG_FS)]
impl<T> Deref for FileOps<T> {
    type Target = bindings::file_operations;

    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
        &self.operations
    }
}

struct WriterAdapter<T>(T);

impl<'a, T: Writer> fmt::Display for WriterAdapter<&'a T> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        self.0.write(f)
    }
}

/// Implements `open` for `file_operations` via `single_open` to fill out a `seq_file`.
///
/// # Safety
///
/// * `inode`'s private pointer must point to a value of type `T` which will outlive the `inode`
///   and will not have any unique references alias it during the call.
/// * `file` must point to a live, not-yet-initialized file object.
unsafe extern "C" fn writer_open<T: Writer + Sync>(
    inode: *mut bindings::inode,
    file: *mut bindings::file,
) -> c_int {
    // SAFETY: The caller ensures that `inode` is a valid pointer.
    let data = unsafe { (*inode).i_private };
    // SAFETY:
    // * `file` is acceptable by caller precondition.
    // * `print_act` will be called on a `seq_file` with private data set to the third argument,
    //   so we meet its safety requirements.
    // * The `data` pointer passed in the third argument is a valid `T` pointer that outlives
    //   this call by caller preconditions.
    unsafe { bindings::single_open(file, Some(writer_act::<T>), data) }
}

/// Prints private data stashed in a seq_file to that seq file.
///
/// # Safety
///
/// `seq` must point to a live `seq_file` whose private data is a valid pointer to a `T` which may
/// not have any unique references alias it during the call.
unsafe extern "C" fn writer_act<T: Writer + Sync>(
    seq: *mut bindings::seq_file,
    _: *mut c_void,
) -> c_int {
    // SAFETY: By caller precondition, this pointer is valid pointer to a `T`, and
    // there are not and will not be any unique references until we are done.
    let data = unsafe { &*((*seq).private.cast::<T>()) };
    // SAFETY: By caller precondition, `seq_file` points to a live `seq_file`, so we can lift
    // it.
    let seq_file = unsafe { SeqFile::from_raw(seq) };
    seq_print!(seq_file, "{}", WriterAdapter(data));
    0
}

// Work around lack of generic const items.
pub(crate) trait ReadFile<T> {
    const FILE_OPS: FileOps<T>;
}

impl<T: Writer + Sync> ReadFile<T> for T {
    const FILE_OPS: FileOps<T> = {
        let operations = bindings::file_operations {
            read: Some(bindings::seq_read),
            llseek: Some(bindings::seq_lseek),
            release: Some(bindings::single_release),
            open: Some(writer_open::<Self>),
            // SAFETY: `file_operations` supports zeroes in all fields.
            ..unsafe { core::mem::zeroed() }
        };
        // SAFETY: `operations` is all stock `seq_file` implementations except for `writer_open`.
        // `open`'s only requirement beyond what is provided to all open functions is that the
        // inode's data pointer must point to a `T` that will outlive it, which matches the
        // `FileOps` requirements.
        unsafe { FileOps::new(operations, 0o400) }
    };
}

fn read<T: Reader + Sync>(data: &T, buf: *const c_char, count: usize) -> isize {
    let mut reader = UserSlice::new(UserPtr::from_ptr(buf as *mut c_void), count).reader();

    if let Err(e) = data.read_from_slice(&mut reader) {
        return e.to_errno() as isize;
    }

    count as isize
}

/// # Safety
///
/// `file` must be a valid pointer to a `file` struct.
/// The `private_data` of the file must contain a valid pointer to a `seq_file` whose
/// `private` data in turn points to a `T` that implements `Reader`.
/// `buf` must be a valid user-space buffer.
pub(crate) unsafe extern "C" fn write<T: Reader + Sync>(
    file: *mut bindings::file,
    buf: *const c_char,
    count: usize,
    _ppos: *mut bindings::loff_t,
) -> isize {
    // SAFETY: The file was opened with `single_open`, which sets `private_data` to a `seq_file`.
    let seq = unsafe { &mut *((*file).private_data.cast::<bindings::seq_file>()) };
    // SAFETY: By caller precondition, this pointer is live and points to a value of type `T`.
    let data = unsafe { &*(seq.private as *const T) };
    read(data, buf, count)
}

// A trait to get the file operations for a type.
pub(crate) trait ReadWriteFile<T> {
    const FILE_OPS: FileOps<T>;
}

impl<T: Writer + Reader + Sync> ReadWriteFile<T> for T {
    const FILE_OPS: FileOps<T> = {
        let operations = bindings::file_operations {
            open: Some(writer_open::<T>),
            read: Some(bindings::seq_read),
            write: Some(write::<T>),
            llseek: Some(bindings::seq_lseek),
            release: Some(bindings::single_release),
            // SAFETY: `file_operations` supports zeroes in all fields.
            ..unsafe { core::mem::zeroed() }
        };
        // SAFETY: `operations` is all stock `seq_file` implementations except for `writer_open`
        // and `write`.
        // `writer_open`'s only requirement beyond what is provided to all open functions is that
        // the inode's data pointer must point to a `T` that will outlive it, which matches the
        // `FileOps` requirements.
        // `write` only requires that the file's private data pointer points to `seq_file`
        // which points to a `T` that will outlive it, which matches what `writer_open`
        // provides.
        unsafe { FileOps::new(operations, 0o600) }
    };
}

/// # Safety
///
/// `inode` must be a valid pointer to an `inode` struct.
/// `file` must be a valid pointer to a `file` struct.
unsafe extern "C" fn write_only_open(
    inode: *mut bindings::inode,
    file: *mut bindings::file,
) -> c_int {
    // SAFETY: The caller ensures that `inode` and `file` are valid pointers.
    unsafe { (*file).private_data = (*inode).i_private };
    0
}

/// # Safety
///
/// * `file` must be a valid pointer to a `file` struct.
/// * The `private_data` of the file must contain a valid pointer to a `T` that implements
///   `Reader`.
/// * `buf` must be a valid user-space buffer.
pub(crate) unsafe extern "C" fn write_only_write<T: Reader + Sync>(
    file: *mut bindings::file,
    buf: *const c_char,
    count: usize,
    _ppos: *mut bindings::loff_t,
) -> isize {
    // SAFETY: The caller ensures that `file` is a valid pointer and that `private_data` holds a
    // valid pointer to `T`.
    let data = unsafe { &*((*file).private_data as *const T) };
    read(data, buf, count)
}

pub(crate) trait WriteFile<T> {
    const FILE_OPS: FileOps<T>;
}

impl<T: Reader + Sync> WriteFile<T> for T {
    const FILE_OPS: FileOps<T> = {
        let operations = bindings::file_operations {
            open: Some(write_only_open),
            write: Some(write_only_write::<T>),
            llseek: Some(bindings::noop_llseek),
            // SAFETY: `file_operations` supports zeroes in all fields.
            ..unsafe { core::mem::zeroed() }
        };
        // SAFETY:
        // * `write_only_open` populates the file private data with the inode private data
        // * `write_only_write`'s only requirement is that the private data of the file point to
        //   a `T` and be legal to convert to a shared reference, which `write_only_open`
        //   satisfies.
        unsafe { FileOps::new(operations, 0o200) }
    };
}

extern "C" fn blob_read<T: BinaryWriter>(
    file: *mut bindings::file,
    buf: *mut c_char,
    count: usize,
    ppos: *mut bindings::loff_t,
) -> isize {
    // SAFETY:
    // - `file` is a valid pointer to a `struct file`.
    // - The type invariant of `FileOps` guarantees that `private_data` points to a valid `T`.
    let this = unsafe { &*((*file).private_data.cast::<T>()) };

    // SAFETY:
    // - `ppos` is a valid `file::Offset` pointer.
    // - We have exclusive access to `ppos`.
    let pos: &mut file::Offset = unsafe { &mut *ppos };

    let mut writer = UserSlice::new(UserPtr::from_ptr(buf.cast()), count).writer();

    let ret = || -> Result<isize> {
        let written = this.write_to_slice(&mut writer, pos)?;

        Ok(written.try_into()?)
    }();

    match ret {
        Ok(n) => n,
        Err(e) => e.to_errno() as isize,
    }
}

/// Representation of [`FileOps`] for read only binary files.
pub(crate) trait BinaryReadFile<T> {
    const FILE_OPS: FileOps<T>;
}

impl<T: BinaryWriter + Sync> BinaryReadFile<T> for T {
    const FILE_OPS: FileOps<T> = {
        let operations = bindings::file_operations {
            read: Some(blob_read::<T>),
            llseek: Some(bindings::default_llseek),
            open: Some(bindings::simple_open),
            // SAFETY: `file_operations` supports zeroes in all fields.
            ..unsafe { core::mem::zeroed() }
        };

        // SAFETY:
        // - The private data of `struct inode` does always contain a pointer to a valid `T`.
        // - `simple_open()` stores the `struct inode`'s private data in the private data of the
        //   corresponding `struct file`.
        // - `blob_read()` re-creates a reference to `T` from the `struct file`'s private data.
        // - `default_llseek()` does not access the `struct file`'s private data.
        unsafe { FileOps::new(operations, 0o400) }
    };
}

extern "C" fn blob_write<T: BinaryReader>(
    file: *mut bindings::file,
    buf: *const c_char,
    count: usize,
    ppos: *mut bindings::loff_t,
) -> isize {
    // SAFETY:
    // - `file` is a valid pointer to a `struct file`.
    // - The type invariant of `FileOps` guarantees that `private_data` points to a valid `T`.
    let this = unsafe { &*((*file).private_data.cast::<T>()) };

    // SAFETY:
    // - `ppos` is a valid `file::Offset` pointer.
    // - We have exclusive access to `ppos`.
    let pos: &mut file::Offset = unsafe { &mut *ppos };

    let mut reader = UserSlice::new(UserPtr::from_ptr(buf.cast_mut().cast()), count).reader();

    let ret = || -> Result<isize> {
        let read = this.read_from_slice(&mut reader, pos)?;

        Ok(read.try_into()?)
    }();

    match ret {
        Ok(n) => n,
        Err(e) => e.to_errno() as isize,
    }
}

/// Representation of [`FileOps`] for write only binary files.
pub(crate) trait BinaryWriteFile<T> {
    const FILE_OPS: FileOps<T>;
}

impl<T: BinaryReader + Sync> BinaryWriteFile<T> for T {
    const FILE_OPS: FileOps<T> = {
        let operations = bindings::file_operations {
            write: Some(blob_write::<T>),
            llseek: Some(bindings::default_llseek),
            open: Some(bindings::simple_open),
            // SAFETY: `file_operations` supports zeroes in all fields.
            ..unsafe { core::mem::zeroed() }
        };

        // SAFETY:
        // - The private data of `struct inode` does always contain a pointer to a valid `T`.
        // - `simple_open()` stores the `struct inode`'s private data in the private data of the
        //   corresponding `struct file`.
        // - `blob_write()` re-creates a reference to `T` from the `struct file`'s private data.
        // - `default_llseek()` does not access the `struct file`'s private data.
        unsafe { FileOps::new(operations, 0o200) }
    };
}

/// Representation of [`FileOps`] for read/write binary files.
pub(crate) trait BinaryReadWriteFile<T> {
    const FILE_OPS: FileOps<T>;
}

impl<T: BinaryWriter + BinaryReader + Sync> BinaryReadWriteFile<T> for T {
    const FILE_OPS: FileOps<T> = {
        let operations = bindings::file_operations {
            read: Some(blob_read::<T>),
            write: Some(blob_write::<T>),
            llseek: Some(bindings::default_llseek),
            open: Some(bindings::simple_open),
            // SAFETY: `file_operations` supports zeroes in all fields.
            ..unsafe { core::mem::zeroed() }
        };

        // SAFETY:
        // - The private data of `struct inode` does always contain a pointer to a valid `T`.
        // - `simple_open()` stores the `struct inode`'s private data in the private data of the
        //   corresponding `struct file`.
        // - `blob_read()` re-creates a reference to `T` from the `struct file`'s private data.
        // - `blob_write()` re-creates a reference to `T` from the `struct file`'s private data.
        // - `default_llseek()` does not access the `struct file`'s private data.
        unsafe { FileOps::new(operations, 0o600) }
    };
}